L12 Plant Science: Physiology: Cells Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the main 3 differences between plant and animal cells?
- Chlorophyll - a valuable source of magnesium
- Cellulose - plant cell wall
- Lignin - a tough organic polymer providing extra support in woody plants
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Regulates cell environment and acts as a semi-permeable boundary
The cell membrane consists of a double layer of phospholipids with transport proteins.
What is the nucleus responsible for?
Control centre of the cell containing chromosomes
It is grey, spherical or irregular in shape and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
What are transport proteins?
Proteins that facilitate transport of substances across biological membranes
They form channels within the membrane for ions, sugars, proteins, and messenger molecules.
What substances can transport proteins move?
- Ions (e.g. sodium, potassium)
- Sugars
- Proteins
- Messenger molecules
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Facilitates cellular communication and production of organelles
The ER is crucial for nutrient exchange, detoxification enzymes, and hormone production.
Which organelles are produced by the endoplasmic reticulum?
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- Golgi apparatus
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis and store nutrients (starches)
Chloroplasts are essential for converting sunlight into energy.
What process do mitochondria facilitate?
Cellular respiration
Mitochondria can move to areas of high energy demand.
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Stores, transports, and modifies proteins within the cell
What is the function of the vacuole?
Maintains cell pressure and stores various chemicals
The vacuole can account for up to 90% of cell volume.
What is the cytoskeleton made of?
Network of microtubules and filaments
It allows the movement of organelles within the cell.
Describe the cytoplasm.
Basic cell solution with a clear, gel-like appearance
What are plasmodesmata?
Strands of cytoplasm extending through cell walls for communication
They facilitate translocation of substances between cells.
What is the middle lamella?
Pectin-containing layer that glues cells together
It provides stability to plant cells.
Fill in the blank: Pectin has _______ properties which heal the gut lining.
demulcent
True or False: Pectin is used in herbal medicine for bowel cleansing.
True
Fill in the blank: In cooking, pectin makes jams thick and _______
jelly-like
