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ANAT315 Midterm2 > L12_The Forearm and Hand (1) > Flashcards

L12_The Forearm and Hand (1) Flashcards

1
Q

General aspects of the anterior compartement of the forearm

A
  • “flexor compartment” flexors and pronators of the wrist and flexors of the digits
  • Innervated by Median and Ulnar nerves
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2
Q

Explain the movement of supination

A
  • when the bone are parallel to one another
  • palm is facing forward (up)
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3
Q

what are the ligaments limiting the movement of the wrist joint?

A

Radial collateral ligament: between the radius and the carpal bones (prevent too much ulnar deviation)

Ulnar collateral ligament: between the styloid process of ulna and the carpal bones (prevent too much radial deviation)

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4
Q

Describe the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) Joints I-V (classification, articulation, functions)

A

Classification: Synovial, condyloid/ellipsoid joint

Articulation: between the metacarpal and proximal phalange

Functions: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction

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5
Q

Superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Describe the pronator teres muscle (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Lateral Radius

functions: Pronation of the forearm

Innervation: Median nerve (C6-C7)

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6
Q

The median nerve gives innervation to which muscles?

A
  • anterior compartment of the forearm
  • Except : medial 1/2 of FDP and FCU
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7
Q

Superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Describe the Palmaris longus muscle (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: palmar aponeurosis

functions: flexion of the hand at the wrist

Innervation: median nerve (C8)

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8
Q

The Ulnar nerve gives innervation to which muscles?

A
  • flexor carpu ulnaris (FCU)
  • medial 1/2 of FDP

(minority innervation)

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9
Q

The anterior interosseous of the median nerve gives innervation to which muscles?

A

Deep muscles:

  • FDP lateral 1/2
  • Flexor Pollicis Longus
  • Pronator Quadratus
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10
Q

Explain the movement of pronation

A
  • The radius will turn and it’s going to crisscross over top of the ulna
  • the bones aren’t parallel anymore
  • the palm is facing down
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11
Q

Describe the Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint II-V (classification, articulations, functions)

A

classification: synovial condyloid/ellipsoid joints
articulations: distal row of carpal bone and metacarpals II-V

Functions: movement very limited - CMC IV and V facilitate opposition of thumb

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12
Q

Name the bones identified by the numbers and the triangle (9)

A

So= 1. Scaphoid -> Common wrist injury (scaphoid fractures)

Long= 2. Lunate

To= 3. Triquetrum

Pinky= 4. Pisiform

Here= 5. Hamate

*Hook of hamate

Comes= 6. Capitate

The= 7. Trapezoid

Thumb= 8. Trapezium

  1. Triangular Fibrocartilagenous Disc
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13
Q

Deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Describe the Flexor digitorum Profundus (FDP) muscle (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

Origin: Anterior proximal ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Four tendons to base of distal phalanges of digits II-V

Functions: Flexion of the wirst, MCP, DIP and PIP joints

Innervation: Ulnar nerve -> medial 1/2 (Digit V + half of IV)

Anterior interosseous of the median nerve -> lateral 1/2

FDP runs deep to FDS (under it)

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14
Q

Deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Describe the Flexor pollicis longus muscle (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

Origin: anterior radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of 1st dital phalanx of digit 1 (thumb)

pollicis=thumb

Functions: flexion of the wrist amd MCP joint, and IP joints of the thumb

Innervation: anterior interosseous of median nerve (C8-T1)

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15
Q

Describe the Proximal Radioulnar joint (classification, articulations, reinforcing ligaments and structures, function)

A

Classification: synovial pivot joint

Articulations: Heah of the radius and radial notch of ulna

Reinforcing structures and ligaments: annular ligament, quadrate ligament, synovial membrane

Functions: Pronation/Supination and flexion/extension

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16
Q

Superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Describe the Flexor carpi radialis muscle (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: base of metacarpals II-III

Functions: flexion and abduction (radial deviation) of the hand and wrist

Innervation: median nerve (C6-C7)

17
Q

Describe the Distal Radioulnar joint (classification, articulations, reinforcing ligaments and structures, function)

A

Classification: Synovial pivot joint

Articulations: head of the ulna and ulnar notch of radius

Reinforcing structures and ligaments: palmar and dorsal radioulnar ligaments, articular disc, radial collateral ligament at the wrist joint, ulnar collateral ligament at the wrist joint

Functions: pronation/supination and flexion/extension

18
Q

Describe the Intercarpal Joints (classification, articulations, functions)

A

Classification: Synovial plane joint plane and gliding

Articulations: between carpal bones

Functions: slight gliding motion

19
Q

Name the structures identified by the numbers

A
  1. Head
  2. Body
  3. Base
  4. Distal part of the phalange
  5. Middle part of the phalange (not present on digit 1)
  6. Base of the phalange
  7. Metacarpal
  8. Phalange
20
Q

Describe the Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint I (classification, articulations, functions)

A

Classification: Synovial saddle joint

Articulations: between the metacarpal bone and the trapezium

functions: flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

21
Q

Superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Describe the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: pisiform, hamate, base of metacarpal V

Functions: flexion and adduction (ulnar deviation) of the hand at the wrist

Innervation: Ulnar nerve (C7-C8)

22
Q

Intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Describe the Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus, head and middle 1/3 of the radius

Insertion: body of middle phalanges of digits II-V

Functions: flexion of the wrist and at the MCP and PIP joints

Innervation: median nerve (C7-T1)

23
Q

Deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm

Describe the Pronator Quadratus muscle (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

Origin: anterior distal ulna

Insertion: anterior distal radius

Functions: pronation

Innervation: anterior interosseous of median nerve (C8-T1)

24
Q

General aspects of the posterior compartement of the forearm

A
  • “extensor compartment” extensors and supinators of the wrist and extensor of the digits
  • Innervated by the radial nerve (deep branch)
25
Q

Describe the Middle Radioulnar joint (classification, articulations, reinforcing ligaments and structures, function)

A

Classification: Solid syndesmosis joint

Articulations: Shaft of radius and ulna

Reinforcing ligaments: Radius and Ulna joined by interosseous membrane

Functions: pronation/supination and flexion/extension

26
Q

Describe the wrist (radiocarpal) joint (classification, articulations, functions)

A

Classification: Synovial condyloid/ellipsoid joint

Articulations: between the distal radius, triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) disc and proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform)

Functions: flexion/extension, abduction (radial deviation)/adduction (ulnar deviation)

-> circumduction

27
Q

Describe the interphalangeal (IP) joint (classification, articulations, functions)

A

Classification: synovial hinge joint

Articulations: between proximal and middle phalanges (PIP) and between middle and distal phalanges (DIP)

Functions: Flexion/extension

ANAT315 Midterm2 (8 decks)

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