L14 Flashcards
Cardiorespiratory system is diving into 2 sections. What are these?
Cardiovascular - Heart, blood, blood vessels
Resp/Pulmonary - Lungs, Airways.
Name the 4 diff valves of the heart
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
What does para/sympathetic stimulation do to the HR?
What do the 2 form together?
Para = decrease HR via vagus nerve Sympathetic = Increase HR
They form the cardiac plexus
What 3 layers is the heart composed of?
Epicardium - (visceral pericardium)
Myocardium - thickest layer, cardiac muscle
Endocardium - innermost, lines the chambers.
What are important structures of the cardiac muscle microstructure?
Striated appearance
Intercalated
Fascia adherens
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
1 nucleus per cell
branching pattern
Explain structures of the left/right
Left: 2 lobes, oblique fissure, impression for the heart (cardiac notch), lingual
Right: 3 lobes, horizontal fissue + oblique fissures
Describe the differences in the walls of the arties and veins
Artery:
Tunica Adventitia
Tunic media : Ext elastic membrane
Smooth muscle
Tunic intima: Internal elastic layer
Subendothelial layer
Vascular endothelium
Lumen
Veins:
Adventitia
Media: Smooth muscle
Intima: Internal elastic layer
Vascular endothelium
Valve cusp
Lumen
Describe smooth muscle and its function
Not striated
Spindle shaped
Involuntary control
In wall of tubular structures/hollow viscera
Functions: Regulates diameter
Propels liquid/solid
Expels contents
Describe endothelium and its functions
Monolayer of squamous epithelial cells
Covers entire vascular tree
Function: Control vascular tone and vessel diameter Regulate permeability Angiogenesis Regulate clotting Regulate immune response
Describe the microstructure of blood vessels
Tunica Intima (in contact with blood): Lined by enodothelium
Basement membrane
Connective tissue
Internal elastic lamina
Tunica Media (part that stretches): Primarily smooth muscle
Connective tissue-elastic and collages fibres
External elastic lamina
Tunica adventitia (attaches to other parts): Outer connective tissue layer - primarily collagenous Contain nerves/vessels (vasa vasorum)
Denote the artery from clavicle to ulna
Left subclavian artery Left axillary artery Left brachial artery Divides into: Left radial artery Left ulna artery
Denote the vein from clavicle to ulna
Left subclavian vein Left axillary vein (branches to): Left cephalic vein Left basilic vein Left brachial vein Then branched over radius/ulna is the: Median cubital vein
Smaller veins are _______ of larger veins
TRIBUTARIES
The superior vena cava goes into what veins?
On the RHS brachiocephalic vein
On LHS towards head internal jugular vein
What is the structure of venous valves?
Inward projection of intima strengthened by collagen and elastic fibres
Semi-lunar cusps attached to venous wall
