L15 - Mating Systems 1 Flashcards
(14 cards)
what is evolution of mating systems dependent on
extent/nature of parental care and investment, ecological factors, resoure availability, availability of mates
what is polygyny
1 male 2+ females
what is polyandry
1 female 2+ males
what is polygynandry or promiscious and how are they different
eeeeeveryone fuckin
polygynandry - where there are pair social bonds between everyone (like swinging married couples)
what is promiscious (like the open relationship stinky people)
how is monogamy beneficial to the male
get to monopolize females, unless there are ecological constraints
what are 3 types of monogamy and what does each mean
mate assistance - parental care of father leads to higher survival of offspring
mate guarding - bank swallow males mosta ttentive to females when theyre fertile
female enforced - males prevented from attracting other females eg in burrying beetles
why are most bird species usually monogamous
because of poor conditions, better conditions lead to polygyny, polyandry and lower parental care (food abundant)
why does genetic polyandry occur in so many bird species
male oriented hypothesis - fertility insurance, acquisition of future mate, sexual coercion
female hypothesis - fertility insurance, direct benefits for non genetic resources and assessment of resources, indirect genetic benefits, mate is a good parent
in what species is forced copulation common and how do females adapt to prevent EPC
common in mallard ducks, convoluted vagen, cavity to fit mate therefore still 95% of offspring are intrapair
what increases the likelihood of EPC in females
those mated to poor males more likely to EPC, seeking attractive mates for EPC
what are some benefits of female EPC
better deeding resources and parental care, better protection, lower infanticiade with lower paternal certainty, attractive sons and good compatible genes
what are compatible genes
social mate chosen for colour and song, which suggests better paternal care, EP mate choice based on compatibility of his genes to mothers, which increases heterozygosity and increases immune system, EP is an insurance
what are costs of EPC
mate may also engage in EPC, getting deserted by mate, reduction of parental care, metabolic costs, maybe EPC not adaptive only a byproduct (females get freaky accidentally when they hear male songs)
what is intraspecific brood parasitism
common in species with large clutch sizes, in Eider duck young females will dump eggs into older relatives nest (kin selection)
