L15: Scalp & Meninges

Question 1

list the layers of the scalp

Answer 1

skin
CT
aponeurosis
loose areolar tissue
pericranium 

*spells scalp
bone
meninges

Question 2

list the aponeuroses of the scalp

Answer 2

frontalis

occipitalis

Question 3

list the meninges superficial to deep

Answer 3

epidural space
dura mater
subdural space
leptomeninx

Question 4

list the cutaneous nerve supply areas - CN V

Answer 4

trigeminal nerve

ophthalmic, maxillary, mandible branches

forehead/top of head
cheeks
jaw

Question 5

list the other cutaneous nerve supply to the head

Answer 5

great auricular n – ear

lesser occipital n – behind ear

greater occipital n – back of head

Question 6

vascular supply to the skull is via what arteries ?

Answer 6

branches of the external and internal carotid

Question 7

branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 7

occipital
post auricular
superficial temporal

Question 8

branches of the internal carotid

Answer 8

supratrochlear

supraorbital

Question 9

brain blood supply

Answer 9

2 internal carotid art
2 vertebral a

anastomose together to create the circle of willis

Question 10

circle of willis - structure

Answer 10

formed by the 4 arteries suppling the brain

on inf surface of brain

Question 11

function of the circle of willis

Answer 11

interconnect internal carotid and vertebral system

creating alt routes for blood flow in case of blockages

Question 12

list components of the circle of willis

Answer 12

post/mid/ant cerebral arteries
internal carotid art
ant communicating art
post communicating art

Question 13

which meninge is absent around the brain ?

Answer 13

epidural space

Question 14

what makes up the leptomeninx?

Answer 14

arachnoid memb
arachnoid villi
pia mater

Question 15

list blood vessels - meninges and spaces

Answer 15

ant meningeal arteries
mid meningeal art
emissary veins
diploic veins
cerebral veins

Question 16

anterior meningeal arteries

Answer 16

from ethmoidal arteries and internal carotid

Question 17

middle meningeal artery

Answer 17

from maxillary artery

Question 18

emissary veins

Answer 18

btwn dural venous sinuses and external veins

Question 19

dura mater - brain/spinal cord

Answer 19

lines the inside of the cranial vault
serves as periosteum

forms CT tube that protected from vertebral column by the epidural space

Question 20

w/in the dura mater

Answer 20

large, endothelial lined venous sinuses

receive blood from cerebral drainage and CSF via arachnoid villi

Question 21

what separates the dura mater from the space below?

Answer 21

dura mater
subdural space

layer of dural border cells

Question 22

list the dura mater reflections

Answer 22

falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli
diaphragma sellae

Question 23

falx cerebri

Answer 23

dura mater reflection

midline fold extending btwn 2 cerebral hemi

Question 24

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 24

dura mater reflection

fold located btwn cerebellum and occipital lobes

Question 25

falx cerebelli

Answer 25

dura mater reflection fold btwn 2 cerebellar hemi

Question 26

diaphragma sellae

Answer 26

dura mater reflection fold over hypophyseal fossa

Question 27

list the dural sinuses

Answer 27

``` sup sagittal inf sagittal straight sinus confluence of sinuses transverse sigmoid cavernous sup petrosal inf petrosal sphenoparietal basilar venous plexus ```

Question 28

define dural sinuses

Answer 28

dural venous sinuses are endothelial lined spaces btwn the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura

Question 29

superior sagittal sinus

Answer 29

on sup margin of falx cerebri begins at crista galli ends at occipital protuberance

Question 30

inferior sagittal sinus

Answer 30

on inf margin of falx cerebri ends in straight sinus

Question 31

straight sinus

Answer 31

at intersection of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli formed at intersection of inf sagittal sinus w/ great cerebral vein joins confluence of sinuses

Question 32

confluence of sinuses

Answer 32

common confluence of sup sagittal sinus, transverse sinuses and straight sinus

Question 33

transverse sinus

Answer 33

begins at confluence extends along tentorium cerebelli edges right gets blood from sup sagittal sinus left/dominant -- bld from straight sinus

Question 34

sigmoid sinus

Answer 34

continuations of either side of straight sinus, S shaped ends at jugular foramina become internal jugular veins

Question 35

cavernous sinus

Answer 35

large venous plexus on each side of sella turcica

Question 36

superior petrosal sinus

Answer 36

run on either side | from cavernous to junction of transverse/sigmoid sinuses

Question 37

inferior petrosal sinus

Answer 37

run on either side | from cavernous to junction of sigmoid/internal jugular vein

Question 38

list the flow of CSF

Answer 38

``` choroid plexus ventricles thru apertures into subarachnoid space thru arachnoid villi into dural venous sinuses into int jug veins ```

Question 39

define the arachnoid

Answer 39

intermediate layer meninx composed of CT attached to pia mater by arachnoid trabeculae outer layer faces subdural space made up of arachnoid barrier cells

Question 40

define subarachnoid space

Answer 40

spaces between arachnoid and pia mater filled w/ CSF

Question 41

define arachnoid villi

Answer 41

made of arachnoid barrier cells extend into overlying sinuses allow CSF to flow from subarachnoid space to sinuses

Question 42

define pia mater

Answer 42

innermost layer thin, delicate CT lies directly on brain/spinal cord follows contours of brain

Question 43

the pia mater is continuous w/ ?

Answer 43

perivascular CT of cerebral and spinal cord BVs

Question 44

T/F: the pia mater is loosely attached to the structures beneath it

Answer 44

false tightly adheres to them cannot be removed w/o damaging the tissues

Question 45

define perivascular spaces

Answer 45

tunnels covered w/ pia mater

Question 46

the epidural space contains

Answer 46

epidural fat | internal venous plexus

Question 47

list layers below pia mater

Answer 47

denticulate ligaments filum terminale brain/spinal cord

Question 48

filum terminale

Answer 48

extension of dural sac from conus medullaris to coccyx

Question 49

arterial supply to the upper part of spinal cord

Answer 49

ant spinal artery sulcal branches post spinal arteries

Question 50

anterior spinal artery

Answer 50

from union of vertebral arteries

Question 51

sulcal branches

Answer 51

of ant spinal art | descend into ant median fissure

Question 52

posterior spinal artery

Answer 52

branches from vertebral arteries or from posteroinferior cerebellar arteries