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BODY SYSTEMS > L16 Anatomy of respiratory system > Flashcards

L16 Anatomy of respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the function of the respiratory system? (5)

A
  • supplies oxygenated blood to the tissues
    Removes CO2
    Regulates pH
    Defence against pathogens
    Produces sound
    Olfaction
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2
Q

What is the upper respiratory tract made up of?

A
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx
  • Nose
  • paranasal SINUSES
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3
Q

What is the lower respiratory tract made up of?

A

Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli

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4
Q

What are the functions of the nose? (3)

A

-Warms, moisten, filter air
- contain receptor for smell
- Modifies speech sound

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5
Q

Nose adaptations? (6)

A
  • Vibrissae =
    Hairs that trap large dust particles at nose entrance
  • Conchae =
    Shelf like projections from lateral walls
    Produce turbulence which allows more time to warm and moisten airs
  • Mucosa =
    Pseudostratified columnar ephitilial cells with GOBLET cells
    goblet cell produce mucous to trap particles
  • capillary network under mucosa = blood flow, warms air
  • olfactory mucosa = contains receptor for olfaction
  • Paranasal sinuses =
    Air filled spaces that drain into nasal cavity
    Lighten skull and produce sound
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6
Q

What is the pharynx?

A
  • forms a communal passageway for respiratory and gastrointestinal system
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7
Q

What does the pharynx subdivide into, and state location?

A
  • Nasopharynx, posterior to nose
  • Oropharynx, posterior to MOUTH
  • Laryngopharynx, posterior to larynx
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8
Q

What are the functions of the LARYNX?(5)

A
  • Maintains open airways
  • Prevent food/drunk from entering lower respiratory tract
  • Sound production
  • also involved :
  • Coughing
  • Defaecation
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9
Q

What is the main structural feature of the LARYNX?

A

it is made up of cartilaginous Skeleton lined by membranes and moved by muscles

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10
Q

What is particular about the cricoid cartilage?

A

It is the only complete ring of cartilage

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11
Q

Where is the glottis located?

A

larynx

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12
Q

Can you describe the ANATOMY of the trachea?
- length, diameter
- where to where it extends
- what does is lie anterior/posterior to

A

-It is a flexible tube, 4.5 cm long, 2.5 cm in diameter
- it extends from larynx to CARINA
- lies anterior to the oesophagus

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13
Q

Can you describe the LOWER respiratory tract in detail?

A

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary Bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

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14
Q

Structural FEATURES of the trachea?

A
  • Contains 15-20 horseshoe shaped CARTILAGE which keeps airway open
  • Posterior end of the cartilage is lined by trachealis muscles which CONSTRICT during COUGHING
  • trachea is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar cell
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15
Q

What HISTOLOGICAL changes take place as you move down the bronchi?

A
  • Cartilage DECREASES
  • smooth muscles INCREASE
  • height of ephitilial cells DECREASES
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16
Q

What is the main structural difference between BRONCHI and bronchioles?

A

Bronchi = YES cartilage
Bronchioles =NO cartilagete

17
Q

What type of cartilage do EACH of the subdivision of BRONCHI contain?

A
  • Primary bronchi = C- shaped cartilage
  • secondary bronchi = plate of cartilage
  • tertiary bronchi = plates of cartilage
18
Q

What is the bronchiolar structure subdivided into?

A
  • Bronchioles
  • TERMINAL bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles
19
Q

Describe the feature of bronchioLES?(3)

A
  • No cartilage
  • Smooth muscles- allow constriction and dilation
  • Each subdivides into 50-80 terminal bronchioles
20
Q

What are the FEATURES/structure of terminal bronchioles?(3)

A
  • Simple columnar epithilia cell(which do not secrete goblet/mucus)
  • CLARA CELLS = which produce SURFACTANT
  • give rise to 2 or more respiratory bronchioles
21
Q

Features of RESPIRATORY bronchioles?

A

Simple CUBOIDAL ephitilial cells
No cilia
CLARA cells= produce surfactant
Alveoli extends from its lumen
- GAs exchange occurs here

22
Q

What is the function of type 1 alveolar cell?

A

Form wall of the alveolus (simple squamous ephitilial cell)

23
Q

What is the function of Type II alveolar cells?

A
  • secrete SURFACTANT
24
Q

What is the function of MACROPHAGES in ALVEOLI?

A

Phagocyte any small organism that made it there

25
Q

What does the alveolar system subdivide into in correct order?

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

26
Q

In the whole of the respiratory tract which are the are where GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS?

A

respiratpry sac
Alveolar duct
Alevolar SAc
aLVEoli

BODY SYSTEMS (22 decks)

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