L16 (renal) Flashcards
(49 cards)
what are the components of the urinary system
the kidney x2
ureter x2
bladder
urethra
what glands sits on top of the kidneys
the adrenal gland
what kind of structure are the kidneys
paired organs
how much do the kidneys weigh
150g each therefore they make up 0.5% of our body weight
what % of blood flow do the kidneys receive
25%
what are the functions of the kidneys (6 functions)
water homeostasis (main function)
Regulation of water and ion balance, body pH
Excretion of metabolic wastes
Excretion of foreign chemicals
Endocrine functions - calcitriol, erythropoietin (EPO), renin
Gluconeogenesis
how does the kidney achieve water homeostasis
This is achieved by filtering the blood and controlling what
substances and how much of these substances, along
with water are excreted from the body
what do the Endocrine functions of the kidney do
- calcitriol,
- erythropoietin (EPO),
- renin
calcitriol = Metabolite of vitamin D, It is important for reptake of Ca
erythropoietin (EPO) = Stimulate formation of red blood cells from bone marrow
renin = cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
how many L of plasma do the kidneys filter per day
180L
an adult human has 5L of blood. how much of this is plasma
3L
if we have 3L of plasma and the kidneys filter 180L of plasma per day. how many times does the plasma get filtered per day
60x
what % of the filtrate is reabsorbed and what % becomes urine
99% reabsorbed
1% urine
what are the major anatomical features of the kidneys
capsule
cortex - bit between capsule and pyramid
medulla - inbetween the pyramids
pyramid
nephron
minor calyx
major calyx
pelvis (when it leaves the kidney it becomes the ureter)
what supplies blood to the kidneys
the renal arteries
describe the structures that the renal arteries divide into
Renal artery branches until it forms the glomerular capillaries (afferent and efferent arterioles)
then it branches into the peritubular capillaries and then into the vasa recta which surround the nephron
which blood vessels surround the nephron
vasa recta
what takes the blood away from the kidneys
renal veins
which of the following is true
A. The kidney filters about 200 litres of plasma per
day.
B. The kidneys do not produce hormones.
C. The Urinary system has three ureters.
D. The kidneys excrete foreign chemicals
A should be 180L
B incorrect
C = 2 uresters
D is correct therefore D is the answer
what is the smallest functional unit of the kidney
the nephron
how many nephrons do we have in each kidney
how do these numbers decline
1.2 million but this number declines by 50% by the time we reach 60 years of age
whata re the 2 types of nephrons
Superficial (Cortical)
nephrons (entire nephron in the cortex)
Juxtamedullary
nephrons (has a cortical region and a medullary region)
what are the components of the nephron
Glomerulus
Bowman’s
capsule
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
describe the vascular arrangement around the nephron
renal artery –> afferent arteriole –> glomerular capillaries (in bowman’s capsule) –> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillaries –> vasa recta
what are the 3 processes of the nephron (in order)
glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
tubular reabsorption
