L2 Flashcards
(47 cards)
“The combination of resources, organization,
financing, and management that culminate in
the delivery of health services to the
population” – Roemer, 1991
HEALTH SYSTEM
Components of a Health System
- Community
- Department or ministries of health
- Health care providers
- Health service organizations
- Pharmaceutical companies
- Health financing bodies
- Other organizations related to health sector
Health system is “all the organizations,
institutions, resources, and people whose
primary purpose is to improve health”
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REPORT (2000)
Goals of a Health System
- Improving the health of population
- Improving the responsiveness of the health
system - Providing fair health financing
o The overarching goal of a health
system
o Populations must be protected from
existing and emerging health risks
o Strive for equity in health by
minimizing inequitable disparities
Improving the health of populations
o Responsiveness refers to providing
satisfactory health services and
engaging people as active partners.
o Health systems have an obligation to
respond to the legitimate non-health
needs and expectations of populations
o Maximizes people’s autonomy and
control
Improving the responsiveness of the health
system
o An ideal health system provides social
and financial risk protection in health
o According to the World Health
Organization, each individual pays
approximately the same % of their
income for needed services regardless
of social status in life.
Providing fair health financing
Functions of a Health System
- Health service provision
- Health service inputs
- Stewardship
- Health Financing
Also known as managing resources,
means generating the essential
physical resources for the delivery of
health services:
Health service inputs
Also known as overall system oversight,
is the main responsibility of the
government
Stewardship
Includes raising and pooling
funds/resources to pay for health
services
Health Financing
3 types of health financing
i. Revenue collection
ii. Risk pooling
iii. Strategic purchasing
o Revenue is the money earned from
payments for health care services
o Mechanisms:
▪ General taxation
▪ Donor financing
▪ Mandatory payroll
contributions
▪ Direct household out-ofpocket expenditures
▪ Other forms of personal
savings
Revenue collection
o Form of risk management which aims
to spread financial risks from an
individual to all pool members
Risk pooling
an insurance system where the sickness fund
finances both the employers and employees
through payroll (salary) deduction
Bismarck Model (Bismarck’s Law on Health
Insurance of 1883)
Bismarck Model (Bismarck’s Law on Health
Insurance of 1883)Model after Prussian chancellor,
Otto von Bismarck
Bismarck Model Underlying principle:
health insurance covers
everybody
Bismarck Model model widely used:
Germany, France, Belgium, Netherland, Switzerland,
Japan, and, to a degree, Latin America
Health care is provided and funded by the
government through tax payments (shared by
government)
Beveridge Model (Beveridge Report or the Social
Insurance and Allied Services of 1942
Beveridge Model (Beveridge Report or the Social
Insurance and Allied Services of 1942
named after
William Beveridge
the social
reformer responsible for designing Britain’s Social
Security System and the National Health Service
William Beveridge
Beveridge Model Underlying principle:
healthcare is a basic human
right
Countries with Beveridge Model:
Hong Kong, Great Britain,
Spain, New Zealand, Cuba, Scandinavia
o Use collected funds and pooled
financial resources wisely to finance
health care services
o Minimize costs and maximize quality
o Important part of boosting efficiency
and profitability in your company/
institution
o Save more by getting the best deals
Strategic purchasing
