L2

Question 1

_____asymptomatic so many do not know they have it

Answer 1

Hypertension

Question 2

Chronic arterial BP elevation —>

Answer 2

Asymptomatic lining damage

Question 3

Primary Hypertension

Answer 3

90%

Unknown cause —> hard to treat

Genes, environment, both

Question 4

Secondary Hypertension

Answer 4

10%

2* to other diseae

Question 5

Arterial change complications

Answer 5

Fat and Calcium buildup

Plaque stiffens and narrows artery

Question 6

Oligosymptomatic Target organs

Answer 6

Kidney
Hearty
Brain

Question 7

Oligosymptomatic Kidney

Answer 7

Proteinuria

Nephrosclerosis

Question 8

Oligosymptomatic Heart

Answer 8

Left ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 9

Oligosymptomatic Brain

Answer 9

Retinopathy

Binswanger lesions

Question 10

Symptomatic hypertension

Answer 10

Polysymptomatic or end stage disease

Question 11

Coronary Artery disease, Angina—>

Answer 11

MI

Question 12

Systolic/Diastolic dysfunction

Answer 12

CHF

Question 13

Atrial fibrillation Ventricular arrhythmia

Answer 13

Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation

Question 14

End Stage Kidney

Answer 14

Chronic renal failur —> ESRD

Question 15

End stage Brain

Answer 15

Dementia transient ischemic attack —> stroke

Question 16

Asymptomatic—>oligosymptatic—>_____—->_______——>

Answer 16

Symptomatic
End stage
Death

Question 17

Normal BP

Answer 17

120/80

Question 18

Stage I drug theory

Answer 18

Single drug therapy—> titrate and/or another drug

Question 19

Stage II drug therapy

Answer 19

Combo drug therapy—>different classes

Question 20

Classes of hypertension drugs

Answer 20

ACE inhibitors, angiotensin R blockers, Ca channel blockers, thiazide diuretics

Question 21

Hypertensive Emergency

Answer 21

Sudden acute BP (>189 and/or >120) with possibility of serious CV outcome

Question 22

Endogenous catecholamines

Answer 22

Stress anxiety

Question 23

Exogenous catecholamines

Answer 23

LA w/ vasoconstrictor

Question 24

> 180/110

Answer 24

Defer elective treatment

Question 25

Dental procedures

Answer 25

Low risk

Question 26

H&N surgery

Answer 26

Intermediate risk

Question 27

Symptomatic/Diastolic >120

Answer 27

Immediate evolution

Question 28

>160/80 but <180/110

Answer 28

Proceed with caution monitoring throughout

Question 29

<160/80

Answer 29

Can do any dental dental procedure | Do not refer

Question 30

Big Increase in CO and stroke volume with

Answer 30

>2 cartridges

Question 31

IHD on Med Hx form

Answer 31

heart attack | Angina

Question 32

End result of IHD

Answer 32

Heart attack

Question 33

Symptoms that mirrors severity of IHD

Answer 33

Angina

Question 34

IHD treatment

Answer 34

Heart surgery, stent, valve replacement

Question 35

IHD Atherosclerosis pathophysiology

Answer 35

Inflammation—> plaque—>stenosis—>less blood through narrow a.

Question 36

Multifactoral IHD

Answer 36

``` HTN Tobacco Abnormal blood lipid Type II DM Inactivity Obesity ```

Question 37

IHD the heart doesnt

Answer 37

Get the blood supply it needs to function

Question 38

IHD disease spectrum

Answer 38

Astheroclosis asympomatic—> plaque grows —>Stenosis worsens—>O2 demand > supply—> angina—> MI

Question 39

Coronary artery gets fed in

Answer 39

Diastole branches off aorta

Question 40

Stable Angina

Answer 40

Transient reproducible unchanging/constant

Question 41

_______ prepared by physical effort

Answer 41

stable angina Relief with nitroglycerin or in 15 minutes

Question 42

Unstable angina

Answer 42

Precipated by less effort Changing character=Developing thrombus Difficult resolution Poor prognosis

Question 43

Plaque rupture

Answer 43

Thrombosis in artery—> thrombus grows—>blood supply reduced —>m its

Question 44

MI=

Answer 44

Irreversible ischemic damage to myocardium

Question 45

Men MI symptoms

Answer 45

Chest pain/tightness, heartburn nausea vomiting sweating

Question 46

Women MI symptoms

Answer 46

Nause extreme fatigue arm neck pain anxiety appetite loss SOB

Question 47

Nitrates

Answer 47

Venodilator that takes preload off heart, decreasing O2 demand

Question 48

Nitrates allow

Answer 48

Less blood to pump out

Question 49

Cardioselective B blockers

Answer 49

Decrease heart rate and contractility—->less O2 demand

Question 50

Anitplatelt Therapy

Answer 50

Reduced fatal events | -aspirin +/- anti platelet drug (plavix)

Question 51

Angiogram

Answer 51

ID blocked artery by injecting die -X-ray guided catheter Femoral A.—> aorta—-> major coronary vessels—> coronary a. Opening

Question 52

Balloon Angioplasty

Answer 52

Expan plaque against wall to open artery

Question 53

Balloon angioplasty downside

Answer 53

Re-stenosis; symptoms return in 6 months

Question 54

Stent-Patency

Answer 54

Some reduce chance of restenosis-paced along with balloon

Question 55

Bare metal

Answer 55

Maintain latency, no prevention of restenosis

Question 56

Drug electing stent

Answer 56

Coated in anti-proliferation agents inhibit restenosis 1 year increased risk of thrombosis due to tubuleura

Question 57

Coronary artery bypass

Answer 57

Donor vein graft bypasses blocked coronary a.

Question 58

CABG indicated for

Answer 58

Unstable angina very blocked a. Significant morbidity after procedure

Question 59

Open CABG

Answer 59

Much more invasive than PCI revascularization Machine circulates entire blood circulation

Question 60

____for patients that have developed serious arrhythmilas

Answer 60

ICD

Question 61

_____for patients with severe myocardial damage resultin in CHF with _____HR

Answer 61

PACER | Slow