L2 Defining the reproductive tracts

Question 1

What is the function of reproductive tracts in BOTH genders? (3)

Answer 1

production, storage and delivery of germ cells

Question 2

What is the function of rep organs in females?

Answer 2

sustain and support developing foetus/embryo

Question 3

3 main components in reproductive system of both genders?

Answer 3

gonads

internal ducts

external genitalia

Question 4

Reproductive system in females: gonads

Answer 4

ovaries

Question 5

Reproductive system in females: internal ducts

Answer 5

uterine/fallopian tube

uterus

cervix

vagina

Question 6

Reproductive system in females: external genitalia

Answer 6

vulva (clitoris, vestibule, labia)

Question 7

Ovaries: location

Answer 7

housed in lateral wall of pelvis, inferior to pelvic inlet

Question 8

Ovaries: appearance

Answer 8

‘greek olive’ shape

Question 9

Ovaries: function (2)

Answer 9

egg production

hormone secretion

Question 10

Ovaries: blood supply

Answer 10

gonadal arteries and veins

Question 11

Ovaries: nerve supply

Answer 11

ovarian plexus (abdomen)

Question 12

Contents of the ovaries?

Answer 12

Ovarian cortex:

ovarian follicles - germ cells to become ova

smooth muscle cells

corpus luteum - secretes progesterone

theca secrete androgens and granulose convert to oestrogen

Ovarian medulla:

blood/lymph vessels and nerves

Question 13

Internal duct system - female

Answer 13

ova travel - exiting the ovaries, within the abdomen:

fallopian tubes

uterus

cervix

vagina

Question 14

Pelvic viscera - female (4 labels)

Answer 14

bladder

uterus

fallopian tube

ovary

Question 15

Description of the fallopian tubes (4)

Answer 15

passageway from ovaries to uterus (passage of ovum)

thin 8-10cm long tube

finger-like projections (fimbriae) capture released ovum

structurally composed of 3 areas: infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus

Question 16

Function of the fallopian tubes (2)

Answer 16

inner wall contain cilia that propel ovum

normally the site of fertilisation

Question 17

VAN of fallopian tubes

Answer 17

branches from uterine + ovarian arteries and veins

innervation: symp from ovarian (abdomen) and parasymp from pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 18

What are the 2 parts of the uterus?

Answer 18

body - cone shaped, upper 2/3

cervix - cylindrical, lower 1/3

Question 19

What is the uterus the site of?

Answer 19

implantation of fertilised egg and foetus development

Question 20

What are the 3 layers in the wall of the uterus?

Answer 20

perimetrium - outer serous wall covering the uterus

myometrium - thick muscular layer, responsible for process of parturitium

endometrium - inner mucous layer; site of implantation; thickness changes through menstrual cycle

Question 21

Innervation of uterus

Answer 21

symp from hypogastric plexus (along uterine artery)

parasymp via the pelvic splanchnic nerves

note: also vagina

touch and pain (birth): via somatic afferents to S2-S4

Question 22

Internal ducts - vasculature (4)

Answer 22

ovarian vessels

uterine vessels

vaginal arteries

internal pudendal artery

Question 23

Broad ligament picture (4 labels)

Answer 23

broad ligament

suspensory ligament

mesosalpinx

ovarian ligament

Question 24

Cervix (4)

Answer 24

inferior portion of uterus; cylindrical tube

thick muscular layer - supports developing foetus

lumen - cervical canal

constricted openings at ends (os):

• internal os
• external os

Question 25

What does the internal os communicate with?

Answer 25

uterus

Question 26

What does the external os communicate with?

Answer 26

vagina

Question 27

The vagina is what kind of tube and approx how long?

Answer 27

Musculomembranous tube 7-9cm long

Question 28

What two anatomical structures does the vagina link together?

Answer 28

links the cervix of the uterus with the vulva (vestibule)

Question 29

Functions of the vagina (3)

Answer 29

canal for menstruation receives penis during copulation (semen) forms part of birth canal

Question 30

External genitalia - female (7 labels)

Answer 30

mons pubis prepuce labia majora labia minora clitoris urethral opening vaginal opening

Question 31

What does the labia minora enclose?

Answer 31

the vestibule (openings for vagina and urethra) and the clitoris

Question 32

Functions of labia, urethra, clitoris and Bartholin

Answer 32

labia - copulatory organ urethra - outflow of urine clitoris - arousal (erectile tissue) Bartholin - lubrication of vestibule

Question 33

Blood supply and drainage of external genitalia

Answer 33

pudendal artery (erectile) & vein

Question 34

Innervation of external genitalia

Answer 34

branches of genitofemoral and pudendal nerves (e.g. dorsal nerve of clitoris)

Question 35

Reproductive system in males - gonads

Answer 35

testis

Question 36

Reproductive system in males - internal ducts

Answer 36

efferent ductules epididymis vas deferens accessory glands (e.g. prostate) urethra

Question 37

Reproductive system in males - external genitalia

Answer 37

penis scrotum

Question 38

Location of testis

Answer 38

housed in scrotum

Question 39

Appearance in testis

Answer 39

small egg-shaped

Question 40

Function of testis (2)

Answer 40

sperm production hormone secretion

Question 41

VAN of testis

Answer 41

gonadal arteries and veins

Question 42

Innervation of testis

Answer 42

spermatic plexus (abdomen)

Question 43

Contents of the testis

Answer 43

250-300 lobules, each with 4 seminiferous tubules: - spermatogenic - generate sperm cells - sertoli - support germ cell production ``` Leidig cells (interstitial): secrete testosterone ```

Question 44

How sperm exits the testis What are seminiferous tubules and what happens in them?

Answer 44

coiled tubules sperm is produced

Question 45

How sperm exits the testis Rete testis

Answer 45

straight tubules

Question 46

How sperm exits the testis efferent ductules

Answer 46

ducts leaving (efferent) testis

Question 47

How sperm exits the testis Epididymis

Answer 47

transport and storage of sperm

Question 48

How sperm exits the testis Vas deferens

Answer 48

thin muscular tube about 45cm long

Question 49

How sperm enters/within the abdomen spermatic cord

Answer 49

suspends testes in scrotum; contains: - vas deferens - blood (testicular) and lymphatic vessels - cremaster muscle - nerves (e.g. branch of genitofemoral)

Question 50

How sperm enters/within the abdomen via what?

Answer 50

superficial inguinal ring (then canal)

Question 51

How sperm enters/within the abdomen which direction do deferens travel and what is it joined by?

Answer 51

posteriorly, crosses over external iliacs and towards the back of the bladder joined by duct seminal gland => ejaculatory duct

Question 52

VAN: ducts and seminal v arteries

Answer 52

those that primarily supply the lower bladder - inferior vesical - and rectum - middle rectal

Question 53

VAN: ducts and seminal v veins

Answer 53

blood follows the arteries and so have the same name

Question 54

VAN: ducts and seminal v nerves

Answer 54

symp innervation from the splanchnic and hypogastric plexus; parasympathetic from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-3)

Question 55

Accessory glands - male seminal vesicles

Answer 55

5cm elongated organ; just inferior to rectovesical pouch; secretes alkaline fluid + fructose + coagulate

Question 56

Accessory glands - male prostate

Answer 56

blunt inverted cone 3x4 cm located at base of bladder secretes prostatic fluid (20% total volume)

Question 57

Accessory glands - male bulbourethral glands

Answer 57

pea sized glands aka cowpers glands located inferior to prostate secretion assists lubrication of ducts

Question 58

Accessory glands - male blood supply

Answer 58

inf vesicle + prostatic vessels (int iliac artery)

Question 59

Urethra - male

Answer 59

leads into prostatic urethra becomes membranous then penile/spongy urethra

Question 60

External genitalia - male penis

Answer 60

organ of copulation and urination root, body and glands 3 cylindrical bodies erectile tissue

Question 61

External genitalia - male VAN for penis

Answer 61

blood: dorsal and deep artery (int pudendal); dorsal vein of penis nerves: dorsal nerve of penis (pudendal)

Question 62

External genitalia - male scrotum

Answer 62

houses testis in cooler environment; smooth (dartos) muscle assists in regulating temperature

Question 63

scrotum VAN

Answer 63

scrotal vessels (pudendal) and genitofemoral nerve