L2- Dental Anomalies I Flashcards
(190 cards)
1
Q
Dental anomalies can be divided into: (3)
A
- congenital
- developmental
- acquired
2
Q
Dental anomalies that are genetically inherited:
A
Congenital
3
Q
Dental anomalies that occur during tooth formation:
A
Developmental
4
Q
Dental anomalies that occur after teeth development:
A
Acquired
5
Q
Developmental abnormalities of teeth can involve: (5)
A
- number of teeth
- size of teeth
- eruption of teeth
- enamel pearl or enameloma
- altered morphology
6
Q
Developmental abnormalities involving the NUMBER of teeth: (2)
A
- supernumerary teeth
- missing teeth
7
Q
Developmental abnormalities involving the SIZE of teeth: (2)
A
- macrodontia
- microdontia
8
Q
Developmental abnormalities involving the ERUPTION of teeth: (1)
A
- transposition
9
Q
Enamel pearl or enameloma is considered a ____ abnormality
A
Developmental
10
Q
Developmental abnormalities involving ALTERED MORPHOLOGY of teeth: (8)
A
- fusion
- gemination
- concresence
- taurodontism
- dilaceration
- supernumerary roots
- dens invaginatus & dens in dente
- dens evaginatus & talon cusp
11
Q
Acquired abnormalities include: (3)
A
- attrition
- abrasion
- erosion
12
Q
Presence of EXTRA erupted or unerupted teeth:
A
supernumerary teeth
13
Q
Supernumerary teeth are also known as:
A
hyperdontia
14
Q
The 2nd most common dental anomaly involving .1-4% of the population:
A
supernumerary teeth
15
Q
What can be seen in this image?
A
Supernumerary tooth in between lateral & canine
(Mesiodens)
16
Q
A supernumerary tooth located in between the lateral & canine:
A
Mesiodens
17
Q
The most common single supernumerary teeth:
A
Mesiodens or distodens
18
Q
Fourth molars (supernumerary teeth) more commonly seen in the maxillary dentition:
A
Distodens (Distomolar)
19
Q
What is more common- hyperdontia or hypodontia?
A
HYPOdontia
20
Q
What can be seen in this image?
A
Distodens (Distomolar)
21
Q
Multiple supernumerary teeth are most commonly found in:
A
mandibular premolar region
22
Q
What type of images should be taken if you suspect a supernumerary tooth (single)?
A
PA or Pano
(she would still recommend CBCT as image of choice)
23
Q
What type of images should be taken if you suspect supernumerary teeth (multiple)?
A
CBCT
24
Q
What can be seen in the following CBCT?
A
Supernumerary teeth
25
What can be seen in this pano?
Multiple supernumerary teeth
(Common for mandibular premolar area)
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What is a risk of leaving an impacted tooth in the oral cavity?
Risk of developing dentigerous cyst
27
What can be seen in the following image?
Mesiodens
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What can be seen in the following image?
Distodens (distomolar)
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Top differential diagnosis associated with multiple SUPERNUMERARY TEETH:
1. Cleidocranial dysplasia
2. Gardner syndrome
30
List some characteristics of cleidocranial dysplasia:
1. absent or hypoplastic clavicles
2. high palate or cleft palate
3. open cranial sutures
4. hypoplastic paranasal sinuses (small)
5. mandibular prognathism (due to maxilla being hypoplastic)
6. multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth (or erupted)
31
What can be seen in this image? (Cleidocranial dysplasia)
1. prognathic mandible
2. open cranial suture
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What can be seen in this image? (Cleidocranial dysplasia)
1. open cranial suture
2. hypoplastic paranasal sinuses (small)
33
What can be seen in this image? (Cleidocranial dysplasia)
hypoplastic clavicles
34
Given the following images, what disease can be suspected?
Cleidocranial dysplasia
35
A Waters radiograph is used to evaluate the:
maxillary sinus
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In addition to the prognathic mandible, what also can be seen in this image?
multiple supernumerary teeth in mandible (giving it a very radiopaque appearance)
37
What type of radiograph can be seen in this image? What is it used for?
Waters radiograph; visualization of maxillary sinus
38
What can be seen in the following image? What disease do we suspect?
Multiple supernumerary teeth; cleidocranial dysplasia
(note that their are multiple deciduous teeth in the dentition, not all of these are supernumerary)
39
What are some characteristics of Gardner Syndrome?
1. MULTIPLE supernumerary teeth
2. osteomas
3. epidermoid cysts of skin
4. colorectal polyps with malignant potential
40
If you suspect Gardner's syndrome in an undiagnosed patient, it is important to refer them to their physician as this:
May prevent them from developing cancer (colorectal polyps with malignant potential)
41
What are the arrows indicating in this image? What disease is this a characteristic of?
Multiple osteomas; Gardners syndrome
42
Bony outgrowth attached to the mandible & maxilla:
osteomas
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If your patient comes in and radiographically you determine they hav multiple osteomas, you should be thinking:
Gardner syndrome
44
What is the treatment of supernumerary teeth?
Conservative treatment (monitoring) or removal of supernumerary teeth
45
Why would we choose to treat supernumerary teeth via removal?
to reduce likelihood of complications such as:
1. resorption of adjacent teeth
2. crowding/malocclusion
3. periodontal problems
4. development of pathology (dentigerous cyst)
46
What can be seen in this image?
Multiple supernumerary teeth
47
If decide to leave supernumerary teeth alone (conservative treatment) you should still:
monitor radiographically over time to make sure dentigerous cyst doesn't develop
48
How many supernumerary teeth can be seen in the image?
4-5 (unsure if UR is 1 or 2 teeth)
49
When do supernumerary teeth pose a threat to periodontal health?
When fully erupted into oral cavity
50
What is a potential risk associated the supernumerary teeth in this image?
periodontal health concerns
51
Missing teeth may also be called:
Hypodontia
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Absence of erupted tooth or dental follicle without history of extraction:
Hypodontia
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Most commonly missing teeth are the:
third molars>mandibular 2nd premolars>maxillary lateral/central incisors
54
Excluding absence of third molars, hypodontia effects:
3-10% of the population
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Lack of development of one or more teeth:
hypodontia
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Total lack of development of teeth:
anodontia
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What can be seen in the following image?
Hypodontia (missing permanent successor)
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Lack of development of 6 or more teeth (excluding third molars):
Oligodontia
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How can you tell that this is an ankylosed tooth?
Due to lower occlusal level & absence of PDL space
60
What can you see in this image? Is the tooth ankylosed?
Hypodontia; (no the tooth is not ankylosed due to same occlusal level & PDL space present)
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Etiology of missing teeth or hypodontia: (3)
1. absence of dental lamina
2. environmental factors that may damage dental lamina prior to tooth formation
3. genetics
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What are some environmental factors that can lead to missing teeth or hypodontia?
1. trauma
2. infection
3. radiation
4. chemotherapy
63
What is a risk of children getting radiation at a very early age (before teeth develop)
It destroys the dental lamina so the tooth will never develop
64
What is the FIRST differential diagnosis if a patient presents with multiple missing teeth with no history of tooth loss:
Ectodermal dysplasia
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Ectodermal dysplasia affects all tissues in the body that originate from the:
ectoderm
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List some characteristics of ectodermal dysplasia: (4)
1. decreased number of sweat glands
2. sparse hair, eyelash & eyebrows
3. dystrophic or malformed nails
4. hypodontia with abnormal crown shape in teeth that are present
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What can be seen in this image? What disease might we suspect?
Hypodontia; abnormal crown shape in teeth that are present; ectodermal dysplasia
68
Patient presents to the clinic with these conical shaped teeth & multiple missing teeth, what condition do we suspect?
Ectodermal dysplasia
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Larger than normal tooth, seen clinically or radiographically:
Macrodontia
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Macrodontia often effects:
a single tooth
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Macrodontia may be associated with:
crowding & malocclusion
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T/F: With macrodontia, the shape of the tooth is usually normal
True
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What can be seen in the following image?
Macrodontia
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What can be seen in the following image?
Macrodontia
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In the following radiograph, what can we see?
Macrodontia- mandibular second premolars
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Smaller than normal tooth, seen clinically or radiographically:
Microdontia
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Microdontia might involve:
-all teeth
-single tooth
-group of teeth
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What teeth are commonly affected by microdontia?
1. third molars
2. maxillary lateral incisors
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What is the treatment for microdontia?
Restoration if needed
80
What can be seen in the following image?
Microdontia
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What can be seen in the following image?
Microdontia
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Microdontia affecting a lateral incisor:
peg lateral
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What can be seen in the following image?
microdontia
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What can be seen in the following image?
microdontia (peg lateral)
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Condition in which two typically adjacent teeth have exchanged positions in the dental arch:
Transposition
86
The most frequently transposed teeth are the:
permanent canine & first premolar
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T/F: Transposition may occur in the primary dentition
False- no reported cases
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What can be seen in the following image?
Transposition of permanent canine & first premolar
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What can be seen in the following pano?
Tranposition- mandibular right lateral incisor & canine
90
What can be seen in the folwoign image?
Transposition- maxillary right canine & 1st premolar
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A small formation of enamel, 1-3 mm in diameter that occurs on the roots of molars:
enameloma or enamel pearl
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What percent of the population has enamelomas (enamel pearls)?
3%
93
What can be seen in the following images?
Enameloma (enamel pearl)
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What location is most common for enamelomas (enamel pearls)?
Furcation of molars
95
Why cannot you not just automatically cut off an enameloma or enamel pearl?
Some contain pulp & dentin inside (pulp exposure risk)
96
Most enamel pearls form ____ to the _____ and are not detected during clinical examination
apical; gingival crest
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Enamelomas (enamel pearls) typically develop in the frugal areas of molar teeth, often lying at or just apical to the:
CEJ
98
Enamel pearls (enamelomas) may be a predisposing factor to formation of:
periodontal pocket and subsequent periodontal diseae
99
What is a differential diagnosis for enamel pearls (enamelomas)?
Calculus
100
Describe the treatment of enamel pearls (enamelomas):
Removal if it is a risk factor to periodontal disease. The possibility must always be considered that it may contain a pulp horn.
101
Results form union of adjacent tooth germs of developing teeth:
fusion
102
Fusion results in a:
REDUCED number of teeth
103
T/F: Fusion is more commonly seen in deciduous dentition but may also occur in the permanent dentition
True
104
Where is fusion most commonly seen?
anterior
105
What can be seen in the following image?
Fusion
106
The degree of fusion is dependent upon:
which stage they fuse
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What can be seen in the following image?
Fusion
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How do you differentiate between fusion and gemination?
Fusion may be differentiated from gemination when the number of teeth is reduced by one
109
How do we treat fusion?
1. conervatively
2. RCT + restorative
110
Label which image is fusion & which image is gemination:
Left- fusion
Right- geminatino
111
Clinically, fusion & gemination are both prone to:
caries (due to groove in middle)
112
If we see a much larger tooth, however there are still the correct number of teeth this is a sign of:
gemination
113
What can be seen in this image?
fusion (-1)
114
What can be seen in this image?
Gemination
115
Arises when a single tooth attempts to divide:
gemination
116
Geminatino arises when a single tooth bud attempts to divide, the result may be an:
invagination of the crown with partial clefting
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Gemination may occur in both dentitions, but _____ are the most affected & typically in the ____ region
primary teeth; incisor region
118
Describe the pulp chamber with a tooth that has undergone gemination:
Pulp chamber is usually single & enlarged & may be partially divided
119
What can be seen in the following image?
Gemination
120
Common differential diagnosis for gemination:
1. macrodontia
2. fusion
121
What is the treatment for a tooth that has undergone gemination?
1. restoration (cleft is a caries susceptible site)
2. extraction only when needed
122
What can be seen in the following image?
gemination
123
Occurs when the roots of two or more primary or permanent teeth are fused through cementum:
concrescence
124
What can be seen in the following image?
gemination
125
What is the cause of concresence?
unknown cause
Could be:
1. space restriction during development
2. local trauma
3. excessive occlusal force
4. local infection after development
126
What teeth are more commonly effected by concresence?
Maxillary molars (especially a third molar & a supernumerary tooth)
127
What is the risk involving eruption of teeth that have undergone concrescence?
Involved teeth may fail to erupt or may erupt incompletely
128
T/F: An imagining examination will always reveal concresence
False- an imaging examination may not always reveal concrescence (teeth may be in close contact or simply superimposed)
129
If you suspect concresence what radiographic option may be a good choice?
small FOV CBCT
130
What can be seen in the following image?
Concresence
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Concresence involves fusion of ____ but not ______ or ____
cementum; NOT dentin or enamel
132
What can be seen in the following image?
Concrensence
133
What is a risk of extraction of teeth that have undergone concrescence?
VERY hard to extract
134
What can be seen in the following images?
Concresence
135
What can be seen in the following image?
Concresence
136
What do we mean by "2D limitation" in regards to viewing concresence?
In a 2D image, the teeth may just look superimposed when in reality their cementum is fused together through concresence
Refer to the 2D image vs. what it looks like 3D
137
-elongation of pulp chamber in multicoated tooth with apical displacement of pulpal floor
-affects primary or permanent dentition
-single or multiple teeth may show taurodont features
-can NOT be detected clinically, only radiographically
-radiogrpahically: elongated pulp chamber & more apically positioned furcation (short roots)
Taurdontism
138
What can be seen in the following radiograph?
taurodontism
139
Represent varying degrees of invagination or infolding of the enamel surface into the interior of tooth:
-maxillary lateral most commonly affected
-rare in deciduous teeth & mandibular teeth
-high caries risk
dens invaginatus
140
The result of an evagination or an outpouching of the enamel organ:
-the resultant enamel-covered tubercle usually occurs in or near the middle of the occlusal or incisal surface of the tooth
-the tubercle often has a dentin core and a very slender pulp horn, frequently extends into the invagination
dens evagenatus
141
Elongation of pulp chamber in multirooted teeth with apical displacement of the pulpal floor:
Taurodontism
142
What teeth may be affected by taurodontism?
Primary or permanent dentition; single or multiple teeth may be affected
143
How must taurodontism be detected?
Only radiographically, not clinically
144
Describe how a tooth affected by taurodontism appears radiographically:
elongated pulp chamber, more axially positioned furcation, short roots
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Taurodontism
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Taurodontism
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Taurodontism
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Taurodontism
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Taurodontism
150
Taurodontism
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What is a differential interpretation of a taurodont?
None- taurodont easily recognized and distinguished
152
What treatment is required for a taurodont?
No treatment needed
153
sharp bend or curve in the tooth anywhere in the crown or root:
dilaceration
154
Dilaceration most often affects what teeth?
maxillary premolars
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dilaceration
156
dilaceration
157
dilaceration
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dilaceration
159
dilaceration
160
A bullseye root is an example of:
dilaceration
161
Increased number of roots compared to usual anatomic number:
supernumerary roots
162
Extra lingual root on mandibular molars:
radix entomolaris
163
Extra buccal root on mandibular molars:
radix paramolaris
164
What teeth can be affected by supernumerary roots?
any tooth
165
T/F: With supernumerary roots, extra roots may be fully developed or smaller than normal
True
166
The presence of supernumerary roots may affect treatments such as:
1. orthodontics
2. endodontics
3. extractions
167
What may be a benefit of supernumerary roots?
prosthodontics (great abutments)
168
supernumerary roots
169
supernumerary roots
170
supernumerary roots
171
supernumerary roots
172
What anomaly can be seen in the pano
supernumerary roots
173
represent varying degree of invagination or infolding of the enamel surface into the interior of the tooth:
Dens invaginatus & Dens in dente
174
What teeth are most commonly affected by dens invaginatus/dens in dente?
maxillary lateral incisor
175
Dens invaginatus/dens in dente is rarely seen in:
deciduous dentition & mandibular teeth
176
What is the risk associated with dens invaginatus/dens in dente?
High caries risk (prophylactic restoration often performed)
177
dens invaginatus/dens in dente
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dens invaginatus/dens in dente
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dens invaginatus/dens in dente
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dens invaginatus/dens in dente
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dens invaginatus/dens in dente
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dens invaginatus/dens in dente
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dens invaginatus/dens in dente
184
Is a result of an evaginuation or outpouching of the enamel organ:
Dens evaginatus/talon cusp
185
In dens evaginatus/talon cusp, the resultant enamel-covered tubercle usually occurs in or near the:
middle of the occlusal or incisal surface of the tooth
186
In dens evaginatus/talon cusp, the tubercle often has a _____ and a _____ frequently extends into the evagination
dentin core; very slender pulp horn
187
dens evaginatus/talon cusp
188
dens evaginatus/talon cusp
189
dens evaginatus/talon cusp
190
