L2 Infant

Question 1

Core Concepts in Early Development 1-6

Answer 1

1. Bio-environment interaction impacts health and development
2. Brain development proceeds in well-defined but continuous steps
3. Major physiological systems develop during this time
4. Early caregiving environment is crucial for long-term development
5. The developing child plays an important role in interactions and development
6. The development of executive functions is a key aspect of early childhood development

Question 2

Core Concepts in Early Development 7-12

Answer 2

7. Trajectories, positive or negative, are not immutable
8. there is a variability in individuals and group development
9. experiences across environmental contexts play a significant role in early development
10. Disparities in access to critical resources matter
11. Health outcomes are the result of experiences across the life course
12. early interventions matter and are more cost effective than later ones

Question 3

Vision/Fine motor, Cognitive of 1 mo

Answer 3

1. Focus on stationary targets
2. Hands fisted, thumb tucked

Question 4

Vision/Fine motor, Cognitive of 2 mo

Answer 4

Tracks moving object with head rotation
Hands open briefly

Question 5

Vision/Fine motor, Cognitive of 3 mo

Answer 5

Begins to reach for moving object while tracking
interact with parents via visual tracking
head righting w/optical and labyrinth

Question 6

Gross motor supine 0-3 mo

Answer 6

physiological flexion
reciprocal, symmetrical kicking

head usually to side, then develops to head in midline with hands on chest

Question 7

Gross motor prone 0-3 months

Answer 7

1 mo = momentary head elevation w/minimal forearm support

2 mo = head elevation to 45°, prone on elbows, with elbows behind shoulders

3 mo = head elevation 90°, prone on elbows, weightbearing on forearms

Question 8

Gross motor, held in sitting position, 0-3 mo

Answer 8

rounded back
head bobs then will steady
hips apart, flexed, ER
chin tucks
shoulders in front of hips

Question 9

Gross motor, held in standing position, 0-3 mo

Answer 9

accepts some weight through legs
primary walking reflex at 1 mo
may choose not to bear weight or legs give out at 2-3 mo

Question 10

Communication/language/social/emotional 0-3 months

Answer 10

alert
responds to friendly handling
reacts to loud sounds @ 2 mo
smiles when talked to or smiled at @ 2 mo
coos, chuckles @ 3 mo

Question 11

Feeding 0-3 mo

Answer 11

latches
tongue movement back and forth
recommended quantity
effective suck and swallow and breathe

Question 12

4-6 mo fine motor

Answer 12

holds toy when put into hand
uses arm to swing at toys
brings hands to mouth

hands slide forward bilaterally in prone @ 5 mo

Question 13

4-6 mo gross motor, rolling

Answer 13

rolls from supone to side slying, rolls from prone to side accidentally @ 4 mo

rolls prone to supine, R/L independent movements @ 5-6 mo

Question 14

4-6 mo gross motor, prone

Answer 14

pushes up on hands with elbows

Question 15

4-6 mo gross motor, sitting

Answer 15

sits with support
head control in supported sitting, wide base

@ 6 mo, independent sitting, propped with hands leaning forward

Question 16

4-6 mo gross motor, held in standing position

Answer 16

increased weight bearing with decreased necessary support, still proximal support needed

Question 17

4-6 mo cognitive

Answer 17

opens mouth when hungry, seeks source of food
looks at hands with interest

@ 6 mo - closes lips when does not want more, reaches for desired toy, mouthing for exploration

Question 18

4-6 mo communication

Answer 18

makes sounds when you talk to them
turns head toward sound of caregiver voice

@ 6 mo - takes turns making sounds, blows raspberries, squeals

Question 19

4-6 mo social emotional

Answer 19

smiles on their own
makes attempts to get or keep person’s attention

@ 6 mo = knows familiar people, looks in mirror, laughs

Question 20

4-6 mo feeding

Answer 20

begins to eat puree texture

Question 21

7-9 mo fine motor

Answer 21

reaches with one hand while weight bearing with other

@ 9 mo - rakes food with fingers
moves objects from one hand to other
bangs two objects together

Question 22

7-9 mo gross motor, rolling, prone, quadruped

Answer 22

rolls segmentally prone to supine
crawls forward on belly
transitions into quadruped on hands and knees
reciprocal creep on all four limbs

Question 23

7-9 mo gross motor, sitting

Answer 23

transitions to sitting by self
sits without support

Question 24

7-9 mo gross motor, standing

Answer 24

pulls to standing at furniture
turnk rotation over leg
keeling, half kneel involved in transition to standing

Question 25

7-9 mo cognitive

Answer 25

looks for objects out of sight when dropped
bangs 2 things together

Question 26

7-9 mo communication

Answer 26

babbles
lifts arms to be picked up

Question 27

7-9 mo social/emotional

Answer 27

shy, clingy, fearful around strangers
variety of facial expression to show emotions
looks when calls name
reacts when caregiver leaves
smiles/laughs with peek-a-boo

Question 28

10-12 mo fine motor

Answer 28

pciks things up between thumb and index finger, 12 mo

Question 29

10-12 mo, gross motor quadruped

Answer 29

creeps on hands and feet
creeps well
creeps over, around, on objects

Question 30

10-12 mo, gross motor sitting

Answer 30

transitions from supine via roll to prone, push up to quadruped, transition to sitting

transitions from supone via roll to side then push up to sitting

trunk control, equilibrium responses

Question 31

10-12 mo, gross motor standing/walking

Answer 31

pulls to standing at furniture
walks with one hand held, reaches for furniture out of reach when cruising, cruises in either direction

Question 32

10-12 mo cognitive

Answer 32

puts something in container
looks for things visibly hidden

Question 33

10-12 mo communication

Answer 33

waves bye
calls parent by name
pauses or stops in response to no

Question 34

10-12 mo social emotional

Answer 34

plays interactive game

Question 35

Alberta Infant Motor Scales

Answer 35

Purpose = infant screening, motor funcion, assess change in motor development

Age range = 0-18 mo

Areas tested = supine, prone, sitting, standing, weight beraing, posture

Scoring by observed or not observed

Question 36

Harris Infant Neuromotor Test

Answer 36

Purpose = infant screening, identify neuromotor or cognitive concerns

Age range = 3-12 months

Areas tested = parent Qs, motor, behavior, physical

Scoring = raw scores