L2 - Intro to Anatomy Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of body structure
Gross anatomy
The study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Microscopic Anatomy
The study of body structure that can only be seen with magnification
Microscopic Anatomy
The study of body structure that can only be seen with magnification
Cytology
The study of cells
Histology
The study of tissues
Levels of structural organization of human body
Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism
Systemic anatomy
Where body systems are studied independently regardless of location
Regional anatomy
Where all structures in a region of the body are studied (interrelationships between systems)
The anatomical position
Standing
Looking forward
Feet shoulder width apart
Arms at sides
Palms facing forward
Superior vs inferior
Higher vs lower
Cranial vs caudal
Towards head vs towards tail
Medial vs lateral
Toward vs away from the midline of the body
Median
Midline of body?
Superficial vs deep
Closer vs father from surface
Anterior vs posterior
Front vs back of body
Ventral vs dorsal
Towards stomach vs back (body part)
Proximal vs distal
(For limbs, digestive system, etc.)
Toward vs away from point of origin
Rostral vs caudal
(Nervous system,etc.?)
Front vs back of head??
Frontal/Coronal plane
Divided into anterior/posterior portions
(Patient presentation: standing facing you)
(Para)sagittal plane
Divides into right and left portions
(Patient presentation: you stand on the patient’s left)
Midsagittal plane
Divides into left and right halves (equal portions)
(Patient presentation: you stand on the patient’s left)
Transverse/Cross sectional/Axial plane
Perpendicular to long axis of body
(In humans, divides into superior/inferior portions)
(Patient presentation: patient lying on bed, you are at the foot of the bed)
X-rays
- Type of electromagnetic radiation
- Discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen
- depicts 3D structure “compressed” into 2D
- ionizing radiation (increases risk of mutation), benefit in diagnosis trumps minimal risk
- impeded to different degrees by tissues of different densities
- soft tissues block little (dark grey/black) - less useful
- bone blocks more x-ray (light grey/white)
