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Human Performance in Space > L2 - Living & Working in Space > Flashcards

L2 - Living & Working in Space Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

DESCRIBE WHAT DOES THE ISS PROVIDE

A

Research facility
Commercial platform for research
Test bed for advanced technology

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2
Q

DESCRIBE WHY IS USED THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT

A

Advance scientific knowledge
Live, explore and work
Use attributes of space to improve products on earth

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3
Q

WHO IS INVOLVED IN PLANNING THE WORK OF THE ASTRONAUTS?

A

User
Define science requirements
Provide payload planning requirements
Provide expertise
Payload facility
Provide integrated facility planning requirements
Provide expertise on facility operations
Integrate sub-rack payload requirements and interface
Partner (ESA COL-CC, NASA POIC, JAXA SSIPC, ROSCOSMOS MCC-M)
Provide planning requirements for another segment
Integrate payload planning requirements for segment
Develop segment payload planning
ISS payload (NASA POIC)
Integrate segment payload planning products
Provide ISS payload planning products
Manage payload resources
ISS integrated (NASA MCC-H)
Integrate system and payload planning products
Provide integrated ISS planning products

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4
Q

WHAT IS THE TIME DISTRIBUTION FOR ASTRONAUTS IN THE ISS?

A 
Pre-sleep + sleep + post sleep + meals = 10.4 hours
	Exercise – 2.5 hours
	Daily planning – 0.5 hours
	Work preparation – 1 hour
	Scheduled work – 6.5 hours
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5
Q

WHAT ARE THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTSUERIMENTS FOR AN ASTRONAUT?

A 
1600-2000 kcal of carbohydrates
	630-1000 kcal of fat
	400-600 kcal of protein
	Vitamins
	Minerals
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6
Q

DESCRIBE THE SPACE FOOD IN THE SPACE STATIONS

A

Mercury / Gemini: prepared, bite size or tube, dense, low taste
Apollo: dehydrated foods, canned, utensils, bars
Skylab: freezer and warmers, 72 items: 6-day cycle menu
Space shuttle: no freezer, re-hydration and oven, commercial, food tray
Mir: heating and re-hydration, containers, choices, fresh foods following re-supply
ISS: freezers, microwave/oven, water recycling, 30-day menu, extended shelf life, salad machine, labelling, earth-like diet

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7
Q

LIST THE FACTORS WHY THE FOOD HAVE REDUCED TASTE AND SMELL

A 
Head body fluids
Sickness
Atmosphere
Stress
Radiation
Psychology
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8
Q

LIST SOME CONSIDERETION FOR HYGIENE AND LIVE IN SPACE

A 
Washing
Hair
Waste collection system
Sleep
Tools
Leisure
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9
Q

DESCRIBE THE ADVANTAGES OF AN EVA MISSION

A

Access to the worksite
Versatility
Double unplanned sorties than planned

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10
Q

STATE THE CURRENT PERSPECTIVE OF EVA MISSIONS?

A

From 1965, longest ~ 9 hours, total ~ 700, 12 moon EVAs.
The wall of EVA -> from 1997 to 2003: ISS construction
The mountain of EVA -> from 2019 to 2030: Available lunar EVA, 3 “8 hours” EVA / week

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11
Q

WHAT ARE THE APPROACHES TO EVA CAPABILITY WITH ROBOTS?

A

Telerobotics: No preparation, excellent simple tasks, strength. No dexterity
Manned: Versatile. Safety issues, time limitations
Combined: advantage of both. Bottleneck problem.

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12
Q

STATE THE CONDITIONS OF AN EVA MISSION

A

Without spacesuit: Unconscious in 5 sec (hypoxia), saliba and tears fluids boil (below 0.6 atm), cold and trapped gas expansion.
Temperature: from 120º to 200º
Metabolic Rate: From 120w to 580w (rest is 60w-800w)
Duration average: 6 hours

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13
Q

DESCRIBE DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS EFFECTS

A

Spacecraft: 1 atm, spacesuits 30%: need airlock with reduced pressure
DCS: Nitrogen bubbles in joints and muscles (the bends) or brain
Saturation radio: Accepted risk from 1.22 to 1.6

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14
Q

COMPARE NASA SUITS WITH RUSSIAN SUITS

A 
STS EMU (NASA): 3 parts, 300 hPa, 1013 hPa (4 h pre-breathing) or 700 hPa (1 h prebreathing). R=1.6
ORLAN DMA (RUSSIAN): 1 part, 400 hPa, 1013 (0.5 h pre-breathing). R=1.8
Both: pure oxygen, liquid cooling garment, water subliminator, LiOH cartridge CO2 Removal
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15
Q

WHAT ARE THE SPACESUIT OPTIONS?

A

Self-contained
Umbilical to Stationary LSS
Detached Portable LSS
Pod

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16
Q

WHAT ARE THE HEALTH RISKS DURING EVA?

A 
Separation from spacecraft
Debris and micrometeorite
Foreign body injuries (inhalation, ocular)
Worksite injuries (crush, electrical)
Arms/Suit injuries (burn)
Shoulder/torque injuries
Toxic substances
Hypobaric pressure
LSS failures
Suit leaks
Metabolic loading
Thermal injuries
Light glare / darkness
Radiation
DCS
Dust toxicity
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17
Q

STATE THE EVA PRIMARY REQUIREMENTSUERIMENTS

A 
Pressurized volume and breathable atmosphere
CO2 removal
Thermal control and insulation
Physical protection from objects
Waste management
Radiation shielding
Micrometeorites/debris shielding
Communications
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18
Q

STATE THE EVA SECONDARY REQUIREMENTSUERIMENTS

A 
Interface for mobility system
Interface for Restraint system
Hydration / nutrition
Comfort
Access to tools; lighting
Immediate access to instructions
User friendliness
Minimal preparation
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19
Q

DESCRIBE THE EXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITY UNIT (EMU) MATERIALS

A

Inner cooling garment - 2 layers
Pressure garment - 2 layers
Thermal micrometeroid garment - 8 layers
Outer cover - 1 layer

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20
Q

WHAT IS THE RATIO OF PREPARATION VS TIME OUTSIDE?

A

3.6 hours outside – 10 hours of preparation and post-EVA activities

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21
Q

STATE THE MONITORING REQUIREMENTSUIREMENTS OF A SPACESUIT

A 
Suit pressure
Suit temperature
O2 consumption
CO2 partial pressure
ECG / heart rate
Body temperature
Radiation exposure
Constant voice communication
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22
Q

STATE THE PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED DURING EVA

A 
Eye irritation
Improper boot fit
Vomiting
Toxic exposure
Visor steamed up
Suit ripped at helmet
Rotator cuff tear
Shoulder injury while lunar drilling
Hypothermia and frostbites
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23
Q

LIST THE MEDICAL PROBLEMS THAT MIGHT HAPPEN ON AN EVA MISSION

A 
Hypoxia / hyperoxia
Hypercarbia (too much CO2)
DCS
Thermoregulation
Thermal injury
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Waste management
Injuries
Penetrating trauma
Radiation
Toxic contamination
Nuisance substances
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24
Q

DEFINE THE HARDWARE DESIGN GUIDELINE

Study These Flashcards
A 
Foot restraints
Tethers
Avoid unaided load transfer
Minimize finger and wrist requirementsuirements
Include “soft capture”
Design tasks for productive use
Illumination extremes
Visual status indicators
Placards, labels
25
DEFINE EVA TRAINING CONDITIONS AND TASKS
1G mock-ups: fixed position, small equipment, quick-look evaluations, < 30 min 0G parabolic flights: behaviour evaluations, hi-fi cable behaviour, EMU donning/doffing Neutral buoyancy: crew translation, body positions, equipment exchange, mobility aid, > 30 min
26
DESCRIBE THE NEUTRAL BUOYANCY TRAINING
Limitations: Viscosity: in water hard to initiate motion, easy to stop Gravity: uncomfortable work upside down, tools are heavy Day/night transitions: fully lighted pool, thermal constant Predicting amount of time is difficult
27
DESCRIBE THE EVA RULES OF THUMB
``` Each crewmember should check out his or her own suit “Make before break” tether protocol “Slower is faster” “EVA is an art” Glove is not a hammer 90% body positioning ```
28
DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SURFACE EVA SUIT
``` Apollo EVA – 22 h Dust abrasion Wrist deformation Impaired function due to dust Enhancements: Dexterity, mobility, fatigue Durability and weight Susceptibility to dust and abrasion Onsite cleaning and maintenance Recharging of consumables ```
29
DESCRIBE THE ADVANCED EVA SYSTEM WISH LIST
``` No pre-breathe Modular design Durability Regenerable Rapid check-out Flexibility Real-time telecommunication Rapid donning / doffing Enhanced restrain system Increase mobility and dexterity Comfort level up to 8 h For planetary surface EVA: Dust controlled Easy replacement for short-life components Discardable covers Enhancement of manual dexterity Number of suits per crewmember Augmented reality ```
30
DESCRIBE WHAT DOES THE ISS PROVIDE
Research facility Commercial platform for research Test bed for advanced technology
31
DESCRIBE WHY IS USED THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT
Advance scientific knowledge Live, explore and work Use attributes of space to improve products on earth
32
WHO IS INVOLVED IN PLANNING THE WORK OF THE ASTRONAUTS?
User Define science requirements Provide payload planning requirements Provide expertise Payload facility Provide integrated facility planning requirements Provide expertise on facility operations Integrate sub-rack payload requirements and interface Partner (ESA COL-CC, NASA POIC, JAXA SSIPC, ROSCOSMOS MCC-M) Provide planning requirements for another segment Integrate payload planning requirements for segment Develop segment payload planning ISS payload (NASA POIC) Integrate segment payload planning products Provide ISS payload planning products Manage payload resources ISS integrated (NASA MCC-H) Integrate system and payload planning products Provide integrated ISS planning products
33
WHAT IS THE TIME DISTRIBUTION FOR ASTRONAUTS IN THE ISS?
``` Pre-sleep + sleep + post sleep + meals = 10.4 hours Exercise – 2.5 hours Daily planning – 0.5 hours Work preparation – 1 hour Scheduled work – 6.5 hours ```
34
WHAT ARE THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTSUERIMENTS FOR AN ASTRONAUT?
``` 1600-2000 kcal of carbohydrates 630-1000 kcal of fat 400-600 kcal of protein Vitamins Minerals ```
35
DESCRIBE THE SPACE FOOD IN THE SPACE STATIONS
Mercury / Gemini: prepared, bite size or tube, dense, low taste Apollo: dehydrated foods, canned, utensils, bars Skylab: freezer and warmers, 72 items: 6-day cycle menu Space shuttle: no freezer, re-hydration and oven, commercial, food tray Mir: heating and re-hydration, containers, choices, fresh foods following re-supply ISS: freezers, microwave/oven, water recycling, 30-day menu, extended shelf life, salad machine, labelling, earth-like diet
36
LIST THE FACTORS WHY THE FOOD HAVE REDUCED TASTE AND SMELL
``` Head body fluids Sickness Atmosphere Stress Radiation Psychology ```
37
LIST SOME CONSIDERETION FOR HYGIENE AND LIVE IN SPACE
``` Washing Hair Waste collection system Sleep Tools Leisure ```
38
DESCRIBE THE ADVANTAGES OF AN EVA MISSION
Access to the worksite Versatility Double unplanned sorties than planned
39
STATE THE CURRENT PERSPECTIVE OF EVA MISSIONS?
From 1965, longest ~ 9 hours, total ~ 700, 12 moon EVAs. The wall of EVA -> from 1997 to 2003: ISS construction The mountain of EVA -> from 2019 to 2030: Available lunar EVA, 3 “8 hours” EVA / week
40
WHAT ARE THE APPROACHES TO EVA CAPABILITY WITH ROBOTS?
Telerobotics: No preparation, excellent simple tasks, strength. No dexterity Manned: Versatile. Safety issues, time limitations Combined: advantage of both. Bottleneck problem.
41
STATE THE CONDITIONS OF AN EVA MISSION
Without spacesuit: Unconscious in 5 sec (hypoxia), saliba and tears fluids boil (below 0.6 atm), cold and trapped gas expansion. Temperature: from 120º to 200º Metabolic Rate: From 120w to 580w (rest is 60w-800w) Duration average: 6 hours
42
DESCRIBE DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS EFFECTS
Spacecraft: 1 atm, spacesuits 30%: need airlock with reduced pressure DCS: Nitrogen bubbles in joints and muscles (the bends) or brain Saturation radio: Accepted risk from 1.22 to 1.6
43
COMPARE NASA SUITS WITH RUSSIAN SUITS
``` STS EMU (NASA): 3 parts, 300 hPa, 1013 hPa (4 h pre-breathing) or 700 hPa (1 h prebreathing). R=1.6 ORLAN DMA (RUSSIAN): 1 part, 400 hPa, 1013 (0.5 h pre-breathing). R=1.8 Both: pure oxygen, liquid cooling garment, water subliminator, LiOH cartridge CO2 Removal ```
44
WHAT ARE THE SPACESUIT OPTIONS?
Self-contained Umbilical to Stationary LSS Detached Portable LSS Pod
45
WHAT ARE THE HEALTH RISKS DURING EVA?
``` Separation from spacecraft Debris and micrometeorite Foreign body injuries (inhalation, ocular) Worksite injuries (crush, electrical) Arms/Suit injuries (burn) Shoulder/torque injuries Toxic substances Hypobaric pressure LSS failures Suit leaks Metabolic loading Thermal injuries Light glare / darkness Radiation DCS Dust toxicity ```
46
STATE THE EVA PRIMARY REQUIREMENTSUERIMENTS
``` Pressurized volume and breathable atmosphere CO2 removal Thermal control and insulation Physical protection from objects Waste management Radiation shielding Micrometeorites/debris shielding Communications ```
47
STATE THE EVA SECONDARY REQUIREMENTSUERIMENTS
``` Interface for mobility system Interface for Restraint system Hydration / nutrition Comfort Access to tools; lighting Immediate access to instructions User friendliness Minimal preparation ```
48
DESCRIBE THE EXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITY UNIT (EMU) MATERIALS
Inner cooling garment - 2 layers Pressure garment - 2 layers Thermal micrometeroid garment - 8 layers Outer cover - 1 layer
49
WHAT IS THE RATIO OF PREPARATION VS TIME OUTSIDE?
3.6 hours outside – 10 hours of preparation and post-EVA activities
50
STATE THE MONITORING REQUIREMENTSUIREMENTS OF A SPACESUIT
``` Suit pressure Suit temperature O2 consumption CO2 partial pressure ECG / heart rate Body temperature Radiation exposure Constant voice communication ```
51
STATE THE PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED DURING EVA
``` Eye irritation Improper boot fit Vomiting Toxic exposure Visor steamed up Suit ripped at helmet Rotator cuff tear Shoulder injury while lunar drilling Hypothermia and frostbites ```
52
LIST THE MEDICAL PROBLEMS THAT MIGHT HAPPEN ON AN EVA MISSION
``` Hypoxia / hyperoxia Hypercarbia (too much CO2) DCS Thermoregulation Thermal injury Cardiac dysrhythmias Waste management Injuries Penetrating trauma Radiation Toxic contamination Nuisance substances ```
53
DEFINE THE HARDWARE DESIGN GUIDELINE
``` Foot restraints Tethers Avoid unaided load transfer Minimize finger and wrist requirementsuirements Include “soft capture” Design tasks for productive use Illumination extremes Visual status indicators Placards, labels ```
54
DEFINE EVA TRAINING CONDITIONS AND TASKS
1G mock-ups: fixed position, small equipment, quick-look evaluations, < 30 min 0G parabolic flights: behaviour evaluations, hi-fi cable behaviour, EMU donning/doffing Neutral buoyancy: crew translation, body positions, equipment exchange, mobility aid, > 30 min
55
DESCRIBE THE NEUTRAL BUOYANCY TRAINING
Limitations: Viscosity: in water hard to initiate motion, easy to stop Gravity: uncomfortable work upside down, tools are heavy Day/night transitions: fully lighted pool, thermal constant Predicting amount of time is difficult
56
DESCRIBE THE EVA RULES OF THUMB
``` Each crewmember should check out his or her own suit “Make before break” tether protocol “Slower is faster” “EVA is an art” Glove is not a hammer 90% body positioning ```
57
DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A SURFACE EVA SUIT
``` Apollo EVA – 22 h Dust abrasion Wrist deformation Impaired function due to dust Enhancements: Dexterity, mobility, fatigue Durability and weight Susceptibility to dust and abrasion Onsite cleaning and maintenance Recharging of consumables ```
58
DESCRIBE THE ADVANCED EVA SYSTEM WISH LIST
``` No pre-breathe Modular design Durability Regenerable Rapid check-out Flexibility Real-time telecommunication Rapid donning / doffing Enhanced restrain system Increase mobility and dexterity Comfort level up to 8 h For planetary surface EVA: Dust controlled Easy replacement for short-life components Discardable covers Enhancement of manual dexterity Number of suits per crewmember Augmented reality ```

Human Performance in Space (7 decks)

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