L2:P7

Question 1

1)

The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared to that for steel is approximately:

a. 1:4
b. 1:6
c. 1:8
d. 1:5

Answer 1

a. 1:4

Question 2

2)

In an immersion test of a piece of steel or aluminium, the water distance appears on the display as a fairly wide space between the initial pulse and the front surface reflection because of:

a. reduced velocity of sound in water as compared to test speciment
b. increased vellcity of sound in water as compared to test specimen
c. the shear modulus of water
d. none of the above

Answer 2

a. reduced velocity of sound in water as compared to test speciment

Question 3

3)

Which of the following laws can be used to calculate the angle of refraction within a mateal for both longitudinal and shear waves:

a. frick’s law
b. snell’s law
c. boyle’s law
d. ohm’s law

Answer 3

b. snell’s law

Question 4

4)

What will happen at an interface between two materials with difference in impedance values:

a. reflection of the entire incident energy at the interface
b. absorption of sound
c. division of sound energy into transmitted and reflected modes
d. none of the above

Answer 4

c. division of sound energy into transmitted and reflected modes

Question 5

5)

During straight beam testin, test speciments with non-parralel front and back surfaces can cause:

a. partial or total loss of back reflection
b. no loss in back reflection
c. increase in defect response
d. decrease in defect response

Answer 5

a. partial or total loss of back reflection

Question 6

6)

On an A-scan display, the “dead zone” refers to:

a. the distance contained after the near field
b. the area outside the beam spread
c. the distance covered by the front surface pulse width
d. the area after the far field

Answer 6

c. the distance covered by the front surface pulse width

Question 7

7)

On an A-scan display, what represents the intensity of a reflected sound energy:

a. echo pulse width
b. signal amplitude
c. horizontal screen location
d. signal brightness

Answer 7

b. signal amplitude

Question 8

8)

Of the following scan types, which one can be used to produce a recording of a plan view of the test piece:

a. A-scan
b. B-scan
c. C-scan
d. D-scan

Answer 8

c. C-scan

Question 9

9)

In immersion testing, a manually operated manipulator is used to:

a. set the propwer water path
b. set the proper transducer angle
c. set the proper index functon
d. both a and b

Answer 9

d. both a and b

Question 10

10)

in straight (normal) beam contact testing, a reduction in the back surface reflection amplitude culd indicate:

a. inadequate coupling
b. a flaw which is not normal to the beam
c. a near surface defect that cannot be resolved from the initial pulse(dead zone)
d. all of the above

Answer 10

d. all of the above

Question 11

11)

In an automatic scanning immersion unit, the bridge or carriage serves to:

a. support the manipulator and scanner tube and to move it about transversely and longitudinally
b.control the angular and transverse positioning of the scanner tube
c. control the vertical and angular positioning of the scanner tube
d. raise and lower the transducer

Answer 11

a. support the manipulator and scanner tube and to move it about transversely and longitudinally

Question 12

12)

When using a beam spread for a shear wave inspection, the zero point on the beam spread must coincide with the:

a. sound beam exit point of the wedge
b. point directly over the flaw
c. back edge of the bea,
d. front edge of the beam

Answer 12

a. sound beam exit point of the wedge

Question 13

13)

Which best describes a typical display of a planar defect whose major surface is perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam:

a. a wide indication
b. a sharp indication
c. the indication will not show due to incorrect orientation
d. a wide indication with high amplitude

Answer 13

b. a sharp indication

Question 14

14)

A primary purpose of a reference standard is:

a. to provide a guide for adjusting instrument controls to reveal discontinuities that are considered harmful to the end use of the product
b. to determine the exact discontinuity size
c. to ensure that all discontinuities smaller than a specified reference reflector are capable of being detected
d. to provide a standad reflector which exactly simulates natural discontinuities

Answer 14

a. to provide a guide for adjusting instrument controls to reveal discontinuities that are considered harmful to the end use of the product

Question 15

15)

Compensation for the variation in echo height related to variations in discontinuity depth in the test material is known as:

a. transfer
b. attenuation
c. distance amplitude correction
d. interpretation

Answer 15

c. distance amplitude correction

Question 16

16)

Where does the amplitude of an indication from a given discontinuity diminish exponentially as the distance increases:

a. far field
b. near field
c. dead zone
d. fresnel zone

Answer 16

a. far field

Question 17

17)

As transducer diameter increases, the beam spread:

a. increases
b. remains the same
c. decreases
d. becomes conical in shape

Answer 17

c. decreases

Question 18

18)

The angle at which 90 degree refraction of a longitudinal sound wave is reached is called:

a. the angle of reflection
b. the first critical angle
c. the angle of incidence
d. the second critical angle

Answer 18

b. the first critical angle

Question 19

19)

Which of the following may affect attenuation values:

a. beam spread
b. couplant mismatch
c. test piece geometry
d. all of the above

Answer 19

d. all of the above

Question 20

20)

A large grain metallic material usually results in:

a. decrease or loss of back surface reflection
b. high grass levels
c. decrease in penetration
d. all of the above

Answer 20

d. all of the above

Question 21

21)

Total sound energy losses occurring in a material is called:

a. attenuation
b. scatter
c. beam spread
d. interface

Answer 21

a. attenuation

Question 22

22)

In ultrasonic testing, the time duration of the transmitted pulse is referred to as:
a. the pulse length
b. the pulse amplitude
c. the pulse shape
d. all of the above

Answer 22

a. the pulse length

Question 23

23)

The phenomenon by which a wave changes direction of propagation within the same material is referred to as:

a. reflection
b. refraction
c. angulation
d. diffraction

Answer 23

d. diffraction

Question 24

24)

Which of the following wave modes gives the shortest wavelength at a given frequency in the material:

a. longitudinal wave
b. transverse wave
c. shear wave
d. surface wave

Answer 24

d. surface wave

Question 25

25)

diagram question

Answer 25

Refer to paper

Question 26

26)

diagram question

Answer 26

Refer to paper

Question 27

27)

diagram question

Answer 27

Refer to paper

Question 28

28)

diagram question

Answer 28

Refer to paper

Question 29

29)

When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave generaated within the part will be:

a. lamb
b. longitudinal
c. shear
d. surface

Answer 29

c. shear

Question 30

30)

The angle at which 90 degree refraction of the shear wave mode occurs is called the:

a. first critical angle
b. second critical angle
c. incident angle
d. angle of reflection

Answer 30

b. second critical angle

Question 31

31)

**in a water immersion test, ultrasound is transmitted into steel at an incident angle of 14 degrees. what is the angle of the refracted shear wave in steel:

vs= 3.2 x 10 mm/s vw = 1.5 x 106 mm/s**

a. 45 degree
b. 23 degree
c. 31 degree
d. 13 degree

Answer 31

c. 31 degree

Question 32

32)

**What incident angle in perspect will generate a rayleigh wave in aluminium:

va = 3.1 x 106 mm/s vp = 2.6 x 106 mm/s**

a. 37 degree
b. 57 degree
c. 75 degree
d. 48 degree

Answer 32

b. 57 degree

Question 33

33)

**Calculate the wavelength of ultrasonic energy in lead at 1 MHz:

VL= 2.1 x 10 6 mm/s v = lambda x F**

a. 2.1mm
b. 21 mm
c. 0.48mm
d. 4.8 x 10-6 mm

Answer 33

a. 2.1mm

Question 34

34)

For aluminium or steel the longitudinal velocity is approximately (blank) the shear velocity:

a. equal to
b. twice
c. one half of
d. nine-tenths of

Answer 34

b. twice

Question 35

35)

When conducting an ultrasonic test, the low amplitude grass signals that appear on the screen of the are being inspected could be caused by:

a. grains in the structure
b. contaminated couplant
c. gross porosity
d. lack of couplant

Answer 35

a. grains in the structure

Question 36

36)

**The process of adjusting an instrument to a piece of material of specified composition, heat treatment and geometric form is referred to as:
**
a. sensitivity setting
b. scanning
c. distance amplitude correction
d. calibrating

Answer 36

d. calibrating

Question 37

37)

A line of a number of crystals in one search unit vibrating in phase with each other to act as a single transducer is called a:

a. focusing crystal
b. paint brush transducer
c. crystal mosaic
d. single plane manipulator

Answer 37

b. paint brush transducer

Question 38

38)

The scattering of the sound beam due to reflections from a highly irregular surface is called:

a. equal to the angle of incidence
b. dependent on the couplant used
c. dependant on the frequency used
d. equal to the angle of refraction

Answer 38

b. dependent on the couplant used

Question 39

39)

The angle of reflection is:

a. equal to the angle of incidence
b. dependant on the couplant used
c. dependant on the frequency used
d. equal to the angle of refraction

Answer 39

a. equal to the angle of incidence

Question 40

40)

A short burst of sound energy is called:

a. a beat
b. a peaked wave
c. an ultrasonic wave
d. a pulse

Answer 40

d. a pulse