L20: Herpesviruses (Waltzek) Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
herpesvirus structure
A
- conserved morphology
- dsDNA
- icosahedral capsid
- tegument (b/w capsid and envelope)
- ENVELOPED
2
Q
herpesvirus disease characteristics
A
- NUCLEAR INCLUSIONS
- host specific**; rare zoonosis
- persist in host for life in latent state!
- Recrudesce under stress = lifelong shedding
3
Q
DNA viruses form inclusions of nucleus***
RNA viruses form inclusions of cytoplasm***
A
:)
4
Q
Where do alphaherpesviruses hide?***
A
in neurons
5
Q
Name 3 diseases caused by Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV1)
A
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV)
Infectious Pustular Balanoposthitis (IPB)
6
Q
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) chars.
A
- caused by BHV1
- ranges from mild to fatal dz
- CS: dyspnic, febrile, necrotic mucosal lesions, abortion
- component of Shipping Fever Complex**
7
Q
Shipping Fever Complex
A
- effects young calves
- caused by many viral and bacterial etiologies including IBR
- CS variable: depression, loss of appetite, coughing, d, sudden death
- Tx: supportive care, abx, +/- anti-inflammatories
8
Q
BHV1 associated ocular lesions
A
- conjunctivitis
- corneal keratitis and ulceration
- assoc. with “cancer eye”
9
Q
BHV1 infection chars.
A
- death in young calves
- abortion follows from RESPIRATORY, not genital infection
- mastitis can be assoc.
- not zoonotic
- detect virus by virus isolation
10
Q
Is BHV1 zoonotic?
A
No
11
Q
Control/Preventrion of BHV1
A
various vaccine
12
Q
Name 2 diseases caused by bovine herpesvirus 2?
A
Bovine mammillitis
Pseudo-lumpy skin disease
13
Q
Bovine Herpesvirus 2 chars.
A
- CS: mild inflammation to ulcers on teats/udder, mastitis
- not as severe as true Lumpy Skin disease
- transmitted direct contact, insect vector
- tx: supportive care
14
Q
disease caused by pseudorabies virus
A
Pseudorabies (Mad Itch, Aujeszky’s Disease)
15
Q
Pseudorabies pathogenesis (in pigs)
A
- replicates in upper respiratory tract
- can spread to brain via nerves**
- virus shed from nose
- goes into latency!**
16
Q
alphaherpesvirus that causes disease in domestic animals. Key characteristic?
A
Bovine herpesvirus 1,2 Pseudorabies Equine herpesvirus 1,3,4 Canine herpesvirus 1 Feline herpesvirus 1 Avian herpesvirus 1,2 *can ascend from neurons into the brain*
17
Q
epidemiology of pseudorabies
A
- pigs reservoirs
- mainly airborne spread
- can be transmitted sexually, via milk
- activated by stress
18
Q
CS of pseudorabies in pigs
A
2 wks old: anorexia, CNS signs, dyspnea, 5-25% mortality
Adults: varying signs: anorexia, abortion, incoordination, resp. symptoms, etc.
19
Q
Control of Pseudorabies**
A
- modified live and recombinant vaccines prevent disease but not infection with field strains
- serology can determine if animal was vaccinated or naturally infected
- US eradicating it with gene deleted vaccines
20
Q
drawback of live attenuated vaccines
A
serology can’t determine if you have disease or have been vaccinated; gene-deleted vaccines are helping with this
21
Q
Pseudorabies in cattle, sheep, cats, dogs all can present with these common signs:
A
- sudden death
- intense pruritis (“Mad Itch”)
- self mutilation
- dead end hosts; contract from contact with pigs
- convulsions
22
Q
Equine herpesvirus 4 causes what disease?
A
Rhinopneumonitis
23
Q
Equine Rhinopneumonitis incidence, CS
A
(caused by EHV-4)
- worldwide
- CS: nasal d/c, anorexia, lymphadenopathy, 2ary bact. infection, cough
24
Q
EHV-1 causes what disease?
A
equine abortion/myeloencephalitis
25
EHV-1 incidence, etiology, path.
- worldwide
- causes abortion, neuro dz
- replicates in upper resp. tract
- can invade fetus
26
EHV-1 CS
same as EHV-4 (resp. signs) plus: abortion, ascending neurological disease*, death
27
Dx of EHV1 and 4
- CS
- Necropsy findings such as intranuclear inclusions, petechia
- Virus isolation
- Serology (ELISA)
- histopath
- PCR
- IFA
28
Prevention of EHV1 and 4
- vax (efficacy questionable): reduces CS only
| - quarantine and hygiene
29
what disease does EHV-3 cause?
equine coital exanthema
30
coital exanthema chars. (all)
(caused by EHV-3)
- worldwide
- often subclinical; causes local superficial infection only**
- CS: vesicles on skin of vulva or penis, depigmented areas, +/- 2ary bacterial infection
- venereal trans.
- Tx: sexual rest, topical abx
- no vax available
31
Canine herpesvirus 1 causes what disease?
hemorrhagic disease of pups
32
epidemiology and transmission of canine herpesvirus
- worldwide
- common in feral dogs or dogs w/ high contact to other dogs
- deadly in very young puppies, mild in older puppies***
33
CS of canine herpesvirus
- puppies: depression, restlessness, hypothermia, hemorrhage**, hepatomegaly, CNS signs, etc.
- adults: asymptomatic, mild resp. signs, or infection of repro tract
34
what kind of inclusions in canine herpesvirus?
intranuclear
35
Tx/prevention of canine herpesvirus
- tx: supportive care
- prevent: vaccination not available in U.S.
- antiserum, isolation, disinfect, remove puppies via C-section
36
Feline herpesvirus 1 causes what disease?
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (similar to Shipping Fever in cattle)
37
possible causes of feline upper resp. tract infection*
```
herpesvirus
calicivirus
chlamydia
Bordetella
mycoplasma
```
38
trans. of feline URI
direct/indirect contact, aerosolization
39
which CS in feline URI indicates herpesvirus as more likely cause?*
corneal ulceration**
abortion
neonatal death
rhinitis, pharyngitis
40
which CS in feline URI indicates Calicivirus as more likely cause?
oral ulceration
pneumonia
polyarthritis
41
which CS in feline URI indicates chlamydi or mycoplasma as more likely cause?
conjunctivitis
42
Tx of ACUTE feline URI
- supportive
- steam/vapor
- topical antivirals for corneal ulcers/conjunctivitis
- abx if CS severe
- NO GLUCOCORTICOIDS
43
Tx of CHRONIC feline URI
-facilitte drainage of discharge
-chronic abx therapy
-lysine
+/- glucocorticoids, turbinectomy and frontal sinus ablation as last resort
44
prevention of feline URI
- vax to lessen severity
| - avoid ML vax in sick or pregnant
45
Avian herpesvirus causes what dz?
Infectious laryngotracheitis
46
Infectious larngotracheitis chars.
(caused by AHV-1)
- worldwide in chickens/pheasants
- CS: "pump handle respiration": neck raised and head extended during inspiration, loud gasping, coughing
- morbidity 100%, variable mortality depending on strain
- dec. egg production
47
most important poultry disease prior to vaccination in 1970**
Marek's Disease (caused by AHV2)
48
3 forms of Marek's Disease
1) Acute: causes paralysis, high mortality
2) Ocular: blindness, rare
3) Cutaneous: nodular lesions
49
vaccine for Marek's Disease
- decreases incidence of lymphoproliferative and neoplastic effects but not neuro effects
- virus developing resistance
- decreases mortality
50
general CS of Marek's Disease
- lymphoma, paralysis
| - effects young birds most
51
Name a betaherpesvirus that causes dz in domestic animals. What dz does it cause?
porcine (suid) herpesvirus 2. Causes Inclusion Body Rhinitis; generalized Cytomegalovirus Infection.
52
Porcine Cytomegalovirus infection chars.
(caused by SHV-2)
- worldwide
- rhinitis up to 10wks, then goes subclinical
- most severe in very young
- horizontal or vertical trans.
- creates large basophilic intranuclear inclusions
53
Which 2 viruses cause Bovine Catarrhal Fever? What type of virus are they?***
Alcelaphine Herpesvirus 1
Ovine Herpesvirus 1
*they are GAMMAherpesviruses*
54
Bovine Catarrhal Fever chars.
- GAMMAherpesvirus
- African and N. American forms
- wildebeest, sheep asymptomatic shedders
- cattle, bison will get symptoms (dead end hosts)
- CS: inflamm. of mucosa, encephalitis, enlarged LN -> fever, dyspnea, gastroenteritis -> listless, CNS signs, bilateral corneal opacity**, death
- HIGH MORTALITY, LOW MORBIDITY
- No tx
