L21-knee joint Flashcards
(23 cards)
what type of joint is the knee joint?
it is a synovial modified hinge joint
what are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?
lower ned of the femur upper end of the tibia and posterior surface of the patella
name the 4 extra-capsular ligaments of the knee joint
1) the ligamentum patellae
2) the lateral collateral ligament
3) the medial collateral ligament
4) the oblique popliteal ligament
what are the attachment of the ligamentum patellae?
it is attached over the lower boarder of the patellae and above the tuberosity of the tibia. it is a continuation of the central part of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle
what are the attachments of the lateral collateral ligaments?
it is attached above the lateral epicondyle of the femur and below the head of fibula. the tendon of the popliteus muscle intervenes between the ligament and the lateral meniscus
what are the attachments of the medial collateral ligament?
it is attached above the the medial epicondyle of the femur and below the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia. it is firmly attached to the edge pf the medial meniscus
what are the attachments of the oblique popliteus ligament?
it is a tendinous expansion of the semimebrinousus muscle. it strengthens the posterior aspect of the capsule
what are the intra-capsular ligaments of the knee joint
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
what are the attachments of the anterior cruciate ligament?
it is attached from the anterior interchondylar area of the tibia to the lateral femoral condyle. it prevents hyperextension and posterior displacement of the femur and tibia
what are the attachments of the posterior cruciate ligament
it is attached from the posterior interchondylar area of the tibia to the medial femoral condyle. it prevents anterior displacement of the femur and the tibia
what is the suprapatellar bursa?
it is an extension of the synovial membrane where it extends beneath the quadriceps muscle above the patella to form the suprapatellar bursa
what is the infrapatellar bursa?
it is an extension of the synovial membrane where it is reflected backwards from the posterior aspect of the ligamentum patellae to form the infrapatellar fold
what is the popliteal bursa?
at the back of the knee joint the synovial membrane extends downwards on the deep surface of the tendon of popliteus muscle forming the popliteal bursa
what is the semimembranosus bursa?
it is an extension of the synovial membrane where it is interposed between the medial head of gastrocnemius and medial femoral condyle and the semimembranosus tendon
what are the structures that can be found inside the knee?
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
anterior cruciate ligament
posterior cruciate ligament
popliteus tendon
what is the medial meniscus?
it is C-shaped fixed to the capsule of the knee joint and to the medial collateral ligament (liable to injury)
what is the lateral meniscus?
it has a circular shape, separated from the capsule and the lateral collateral ligament by the tendon of the popliteus muscle (less liable to injury)
what are the function of the menisci?
1) they increase the concavity of the tibial condyles for better adaptation with the femoral condyles
2)they maintain a potential joint space for flushing synovial fluid to provide nutrition tot the articular cartilage
3#)they act as shock absorbers
what is the arterial supply of the knee joint?
from anastomoses around the knee joint
what stabilizes the knee joint?
muscles: quadriceps femoris the inferior fibres of the vasti lateralis and medialis
ligaments: mainly the quadriceps ligaments
menisci
what structures are involved in the TRIAD injury and what is it?
medial collateral ligament-medial meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament. the joint becomes filled with blood hemartherosis
outcome of inflammation of the bursa?
housemaid knee:subcutaneous pre-patellar bursa
osteoarthritis of the knee?
total knee replacement or knee joint arthroplasty done in severe destructive arthritis of the knee joint
