L3 Flashcards
What is the adaptove immunity mechanisims
Its a spicific biological proprties of multi cellular organism and lymphocyites provieds the portaction
There is two types of adaptive responeses :
1-the Cell-mediated immune respons which carried out by T cells
2- and the humoral immune respons , which controld by actvietd B cells and antibodeis
Explain the antibodies ?
Antibodies are soluable protein that are persnted in blood stream and other biological fluieds and they are recognizeing and neutrulaized the antigens
-antibodies revels the importnat and uniqe proprty to bind the antigens as it portect the organism and they bind the antigens though weak chemichal intraction
-specefic antibody is synthesisd only by snigle B-lymphocytes at the same time B-lymphocytes capable of prodcing diversty of anitbody
-depned on the type of antignes or pathegons antibody can help by 5 different mechansim
1 netrulazing viruses
2 neteulaizing toxins
3 targting and enhanchingn complemnt lysis of bacteria
4 opsimazing bacteria
5 ADCc ( antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity via there fe-recptor
Immuneglobin structure explain
Immuneglobin is Y-shaped molecule that consist of two haevy (H) and two light (L) chains
Each chain consist of structural domains called immuneglubin domins
- The heavy and light chain can be seprated functonally into (V) domins
- domins that bind the antigens and consist of ( C ) domins that specfiy effector function such as actvation of complemnet
Immunegloubin have 5 class
What is the immunoglobin classes ?
Igd , igm , igG , iga , ige
Explain the IgG class of immunegloubin
Structure - Monomer Persntege serum antibodies : 80% Location : blood , lymph,intestine Half life in serum : 23 days Complemnt fexation : yes Placental transfer : yes Known funcation : enhance phagocytes , neutalozes toxins and viruses , protecta fetus and newborn
Explain the class igM
Structure - pentamer
Persntege serum antibodies : 5-10%
Location : blood , lymph,B cell surface
Half life in serum : 5 days
Complemnt fexation : yes
Placental transfer : no
Known funcation : first antibodies produced during an infacton , effective aganist microba and agglutanating antigens
Explain the class igA
Structure - dimer
Persntege serum antibodies : 10-15%
Location : secraton ( tears , sliva , milk)
Half life in serum : 6 days
Complemnt fexation : no
Placental transfer : no
Known funcation : localazed protaction of mucosal surface , provides immunity to infant digestive tract
Explain the class igD
Structure - Monomer
Persntege serum antibodies : 0.2%
Location : blood , lymph,intestine , B cell surface
Half life in serum : 3 days
Complemnt fexation : no
Placental transfer : no
Known funcation : in serum function is unknown , on B cell surface initiatie immune respons
Explain the class igE
Structure - Monomer
Persntege serum antibodies : 0.2%
Location : bound to mast cella and basiphiks thoughout body , blood
Half life in serum : 2 days
Complemnt fexation : no
Placental transfer : no
Known funcation : allergic reactions , possibly lysis of worms
Explain the BCR
BCR is B-cell receptor
The BCR is cell membrane -bound form of ig antibodies and recognizes the same anyigenic specify as the antibody that will eventually be secreted by the B-cell
Explain the TCR
TCR is T-cell receptor
Is molecule found on the surfce of T lymphocytes
And its responsable for recognaizing fragments of antegins as peptieds bound to major difrenet protein chains
Explain the FCRs
FCR are recptors for Fe-fragment of igG
Fe receptor is protein found on the surface of certien cella -inclouding
Among others B lymphocytes , folicular dendritic cells , natural killer cells microphages ,
And its function to bind specific part of an antobodies knownas the Fe fragment crystlazible region
Explain the immunogluobin gene organaization
They are refferd to gene segments and are seprated by non-coding regions , the arrengments and organazation of these gene segments during the maturation of B cells producied functional protiens , the entire procces of this arregnants and organaization if these gene segments is the vital source where our body immune system gets aboe to recognaize and respond to pathgens
