L3-Autoimmune disorders Flashcards

Question

Herpesvirus: Gallid herpesvirus 2 mareks disease

Answer 1

alpaherpesvirus mareks- lymphoproliferative disease in chickens T- cell lymphoma route of infection: inhalation of feather dander infection of feather follicle epithelium virus is shed in feather dander, site of complete viral replication cutaneous mareks disease- feather follicle enlargement, skin reddening most common in broilers- causes carcass condemnation

Answer 2

morbillivirus-rna virus causes systemic disease with resp. and cns signs also has cutaneous signs hyperkeratosis of footpads and nose plus or minus secondary pyoderma hard pad disease ORTHOKERATOTIC AND PARAKERATOTIC HYPERKERATOSIS of footpad, nose has both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions

Answer 3

LYMPHOCYSITS DISEASE: most common viral infection of aquarium fish infects dermal fibroblasts- cellular hypertrophy salt like dusting- small cream colored nodules on skin and fins large hypertrophied dermal fibroblasts basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion material Dx: tail clipping/ biopsy

Answer 4

thrush- dogs, cats, pigs, horses, goats normally present at mucocutaneous junctions of body orifices immune suppression- is usually underlying cause papule and pustules- well delineated ulcers with erythematous borders moist white- grey exudate can occur anywhere on skin yeasts, hyphae, pseudophyphae

Answer 5

most common in skin infections normal flora of skin overgrowth due to some disturbance to skin or immune system most common in dogs excess cerumen, high humidity, moist conditions less common in cats- black ceruminous otitis, chin acne alopecia, erythema, greasiness, hyperpigmentation ears, axilla, inguinal region, inerdigital skin, nail/claw diagnostics: skin/ ear cytology

Answer 6

Ringworm • Confined to keratin layers of skin, hair, claws • Requires actively growing hairs for survival • Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton • M. canis, M. gypseum, T. mentagrophytes • Route of infection: direct, fomites • Young age, stress, poor nutrition, warm humid areas • Self-limiting in healthy animals • Progressive circular areas of scaling and alopecia, crusting • Head, face, neck, limbs • Hyphae found in hair follicles • Diagnostics: fungal culture (use toothbrush)

Answer 7

• Atypical, rare form involving deep dermis and SQ tissue – usually caused by M. canis • Persian cats almost exclusively - can affect other long-haired breeds • Hyphae in deep dermis form mycetoma-like granulomas (lack cementing substance, less hyphae) • One or more SQ nodules; +/- ulceration and draining tract • Ye l l o w g ra n u l e s • Dorsal trunk or tail base

Answer 8

Thermally dependent • Yeast at >37C • Mycelial form in cooler temps • Cause pulmonary, cutaneous, or disseminated disease • Histoplasma capsulatum • Blastomyces dermatitidis • Cryptococcus neoformans • Coccidioides immitis • Sporothrix schenckii • Diagnostic: culture or cytology

Answer 9

zoonotic • Dimorphic fungus • Route of infection: inhalation or wounds • Dogs, rare in cats • Non-healing wounds, dermal mass • May have draining tract, ulcerative • Diagnostic: cytology or histopath • Do NOT culture • Yeast: 5-15 uM, round • BROAD-based budding • Granulomatous to pyogranulomatous inflammation • Can be extracellular or within macrophages

Answer 10

zoonotic Cryptococcus neoformans • Most common systemic mycotic disease of cats • Route of infection: inhalation of contaminated dust • Primary infection in nasal cavity à spreads out to skin • Thick mucopolysaccharide capsule – avoids phagocytosis from macrophages • Ulcerative, weeping lesions along nose, nodular mass in nasal cavity • Cytology: • Spherical, 2-10 uM diameter yeast • THICK capsule (up to 30 uM) • Soap bubble appearance • Minimal inflammation

Answer 11

zoonotic Sporothrix schenckii • Opportunistic, dimorphic fungus • Disease usually in cats, horses, dogs (hunting usually) • 3 clinical forms: cutaneous (dogs, cats), cutaneous-lymphatic (horses), disseminated (cats) • Infection mainly by wound contamination, puncture wounds • Nodules on head, pinnae, trunk, distal limbs with red-brown purulent exudate • Has draining tract • Horses: nodules follow the course of lymphatics, which are often thick/corded • Diagnostics: culture or cytology • Yeast: cigar-shaped, clear cell wall • Extracellular or in macrophages • Pyo/granulomatous inflammation • Numerous organisms in cats, rare in others

Answer 12

zoonotic Pythium insidiosum or Lagenidium sp. • Aquatic molds, opportunistic fungal-like organism • Warm, stagnant water • Route of infection: wounds • Horses: distal limbs (distal to carpus and hock) • Nodules à large masses of granulation tissue, ulcerative • KUNKERS –grey-white to yellow, coral-like concretions in these tracts • Clear spaces outlining hyphae (HARD TO SEE!) • Dogs: ulcerative nodules with draining tracts • Head, face, limbs • Diagnostics: cytology, PCR • Hard to distinguish between species • Inflammation: pyo/granulomatous clear spaces outlining hyphae- hard to see

Answer 13

Phaeohyphomycosis • Opportunistic, pigmented (dematiacious) fungi • Alternaria, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Exophiala, Ochroconis • More common in cats, can occur in other species • Usually affects skin/SQ, can go to CNS or disseminated – infection mainly from trauma or contaminated wound • Melanin synthesis in cell wall thought to be main virulence factor width, +/- branching • Elude host immune response, protection from oxidative burst • Gross: • Dermal or SQ nodules, +/- ulceration and fistulous tracts • May be blue-grey or dark in color due to pigment • Histology: • Intralesional pigmented yeast or hyphae – septate, irregular

L3-Autoimmune disorders Flashcards

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