L3 Cell Metabolism

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

Basic unit of life

Question 2

Organelles

Answer 2

Basic structural/ functional unit of cells

Question 3

Name the 4 functions of cells

Answer 3

Synthesize, transport, movement, communication

Question 4

Plasma membrane

Answer 4

Phospholipid bilayer around cell ( regulates what comes in/out)

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Contains nucleolus & holds/ protects DNA

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Is b/w plasma membrane & nucleus containing cytosol ( solution)

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Site of cell respiration ➡️ ATP synthesis

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Site of protein synthesis

Question 9

What are the two types of ribosomes and where are the located?

Answer 9

Free ribosomes = in cytoplasm

Bound ribosomes = on rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Difference between right and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

Rough ER: protein synthesis/ processing

Smooth ER: lipid & carbohydrate synthesis

Question 11

Golgi complex

Answer 11

Sort,package, direct protein to final destination

Question 12

Lythosomes

Answer 12

Perform intercellular digestion ( digest foreign molecules and worn/ damaged organelles)

Question 13

Secondary vesicles

Answer 13

Export out of cell (stored until released)

Question 14

Peroxisome

Answer 14

Detoxifying molecules (alcohol) producing H2o2

Question 15

What are the cytoskeletons basic functions?

Answer 15

Support, transport organelles, organization & anchor

Question 16

What are the three components of the cytoskeleton and their functions?

Answer 16

Microtubules = railroad tracks where organelles move

Intermediate filaments = support/ shape ( framework of cell)

Microfilaments= used to power organelle movement w/ in cells or movement of cilia

Question 17

What are inclusions ?

Answer 17

Stores nutrients such as triglycerides (fat cells)

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

All chemical reactions in the body

Question 19

Where is energy stored within molecules such a glucose and ATP?

Answer 19

Covalent bonds

Question 20

Define and give an example of catabolism, anabolism, and transformation

Answer 20

Catabolism= larger molecule ➡️ smaller molecule (hydrolysis)

Anabolism = smaller molecules join to build larger molecule (dehydration synthesis)

Transformation = turn molecule into another

Question 21

Distinguish between body wide metabolism and cell metabolism

Answer 21

Body wide = food we eat ➡️ATP ➡️ movement, heat, cell growth/ repair

Cell metabolism = cells - involving energy, matter transformation, enzymes and cell membranes

Question 22

Bioenergetics

Answer 22

Flow of energy in living systems

Question 23

What are the 2 laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 23

1st law = energy can not be created nor destroyed, only transferred

2nd law= must keep adding E to maintain organization/ order

Question 24

Difference between endergonic and exergonic chemical reactions?

Answer 24

Endergonic = energy absorbed ( photosynthesis)

Exergonic = energy given off during reaction ( cell respiration)

Question 25

Where is ATP formed?

Answer 25

Cell respiration

Question 26

Kinase

Answer 26

Phosphorylation ( adds phosphate)

Question 27

Name the enzyme that removes phosphate from a protein

Answer 27

Phosphatase (dephosphorylates)

Question 28

What is “phosphorylation cascade”

Answer 28

An amplification of cell response by sequential turning on proteins by adding phosphate

Question 29

What are the three processes of cell respiration (atp production) and where in the cell do they occur?

Answer 29

Glycolysis - cytoplasm Kreb cycle - inner mitochondrial matrix Electron transport - inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 30

What is the function of oxygen in the body?

Answer 30

It helps organisms grow, reproduce, and turn food into energy

Question 31

What is anaerobic and aerobic metabolism?

Answer 31

Anaerobic metabolism = used when oxygen can’t supply fast enough Aerobic metabolism = “with air” such as jogging or sitting

Question 32

Describe the relationship between cell respiration and photosynthesis

Answer 32

They have the same chemical reaction just in opposite directions ( processing ATP)