L3 - Contact with Outsiders Flashcards
(39 cards)
What happened in 1642 in Wave 1?
A Dutch sailor - Abel Tasman visited Tonga
What happened in 1721 in Wave 1?
Jacob Roggeveen was the 1st European to describe Samoa
What happened in 1768 in Wave 1?
A French man - Louis de Bougainville, named Samoa ‘The Navigator Islands’
What happened in 1787 in Wave 1?
- Jean-Francois La Perouse, a French naval officer & explorer landed in Tutuila (Fagasa bay).
- 1st recorded acts of violence against visitors
Describe or explain what happened or occurred in Wave 1 in Samoa
Wave 1 consists of explorers visiting or coming to Samoa. These explorers were of different nationalities & came in different years:
- 1642: A Dutch sailor - Abel Tasman visited Tonga
- 1721: Jacob Roggeveen was the 1st European to describe Samoa.
- 1768: A French man - Louis de Bougainville named Samoa ‘The Navigator Islands’
- 1787: A French naval officer & explorer who landed in Tutuila (Fagasa bay). The first acts of violence against visitors were first recorded during this period.
Explain what happened with Jean-Francis La Perouse. What was his relationship with Samoa like?
Jean-Francis La Perouse was a French naval officer & explorer who was assigned by King Louis XVI (16) to lead an expedition around the world with objectives such as:
- completing the Pacific discoveries of Capt. James Cook
- correct maps
- establish trade & maritime routes
- enrich French scientific & naval collections
Jean-Francis La Perouse and his crew of 220 men sailed on 2 ships (Astrolabe & Boussole) and traveled to many countries such as Russia, Tonga, Australia, Korea etc.
On December 6, 1787 - La Perouse sailed into Samoa, Tutuila, at Fagasa Bay and started out with having a positive or good relationship with Samoans. However, on December 11, 1787 - La Perouse and his men were attacked by Samoans and there were fatalities on both sides.
In 1861, what did George Turner (LMS missionary) write about the effect of the La Perouse massacre?
“….branded the whole group for 50 years as a race of treacherous savages, whose shore ought not to be approached” (1861)
Define Beachcombers
- Individuals who escaped, deserted, kidnapped, or released from whaling/sailing/trading vessels.
- They became dependent on the beach for their livelihood, searching or combing the sand for trinkets to trade.
- They often became settlers, started families & took on other roles in Samoa.
Describe or explain Wave 2 in Samoa
Wave 2 consists of whalers, traders & beachcombers.
- From 1780: whalers & sailors from Asia, North America & Europe converged on the Pacific, often visiting Samoa for water, food, & repairs due to the returning far distances from their countries or homes.
- From 1800: traders crossed the Pacific on their way to Australia to trade whale products, timber, & sea cucumber.
- There was a sharp decline in the 1850s
What happened in 1806 in Wave 2?
1st documented beachcomber in Manu’a, an Englishman who came to Samoa by way of Tonga.
What happened in 1820 in Wave 2?
An Irish man named Tom lived in Manono
List 5 names that were written in John William’s journals in 1830 (Wave 2).
- Ripley
- Jennings
- Curry
- Coffin
- Pereira
- Stowers
Who is Eli Hutchinson Jennings? What did he do?
- He is an American whaler & boat builder who arrived in Samoa around 1840 on a US whaleboat.
- He famously built 2 taumualua in 1849 for the armies of Aana & Atua, in opposition to Malietoa.
- He married Malia (daughter of high chief in Lefaga) & moved to Swain’s Island with his wife & 6 kids.
- He claimed ownership of Swain’s Island, after purchasing the island from Captain Turnbull at a cost of 15 shillings per acre & a bottle of gin.
15 shillings = approx. $2 tala
What was Swain’s Island?
(Wave 2)
An atoll of about 1.5 km2 in Tokelau which it was politically administered by the US as a part of American Samoa since 1980.
It primarily functioned as a copra plantation.
Swain’s Island is aka?
Olohega or Olosega
Swain’s Island primarily functioned as a?
Copra plantation
Explain the Jennings Political Legacy
The son - Eli Junior started a copra plantation in which he became one of the wealthiest men in the Pacific. Also, Jennings & his son supported blackbirding in which it depopulated several surrounding Tokelau atolls.
Define blackbirding
The act or practice of kidnapping people, especially Pacific Islanders, and selling them into slavery abroad.
Describe the structure & function of the Taumualua.
- A boat with 2 bow-shaped ends.
- Single hull (outer body) which is made of planks with raised edges.
- The featured raised projections at both ends are ornamented with shells.
- There were no outriggers
- Sailed as boats that were propelled with paddles, with the crew facing the bow.
- It was lashed together without the use of nails.
- It always featured a figurehead carved into the projection in the prow of the boat.
Function - used in battles
Who built the Samoan Taumualua & in what year?
It was built by Eli Hutchinson Jennings (former whaler & boat builder) in 1849.
How has the Samoan taumualua changed or evolved?
It has evolved into a longer, lower & narrower version that is now called a Fautasi boat.
What is the Wilkes Expedition (1838 - 1842) in Wave 3?
(Wave 3 - Military/Governance)
- Aka the United States exploring expedition that was done throughout 1838 - 1842.
- Purpose: To survey the Pacific Ocean & surrounding lands.
- This expedition was done by a team of naturalists, scientists, botanists, taxidermists & artists with LT. Charles Wilkes being the leader. They traveled with 6 various-sized ships.
State the positive feedback of Wilkes on Samoa
Samoan people are:
- kind
- good-humored
- intelligent
- fond of amusements
- desirous of pleasing
- very hospitable
State the negative feedback of Wilkes on Samoa
Samoan people are:
- indolent (lazy)
- covetous (greedy)
- fickle (inconsistent)
- deceitful
- irresponsible (little reliance can be placed upon them)
