L3 Counselling Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
Who first developed psychodynamic/psychoanalytic theory?
A
Sigmund Freud
2
Q
Which approach did Sigmund Freud develop?
A
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic
3
Q
Who developed CBT?
A
Aaron Beck
4
Q
Who developed REBT?
A
Albert Ellis
5
Q
Which approach is Aaron Beck associated with?
A
CBT
6
Q
Who developed the person-centred approach?
A
Carl Rogers
7
Q
Which approach did Carl Rogers develop?
A
Person-centred/humanistic
8
Q
Which approach is transference associated with?
A
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic
9
Q
Which approach is countertransference associated with?
A
Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic
10
Q
Which approach are conditions of worth associated with?
A
Humanistic
11
Q
Which approach uses the ABC or ABCDE model?
A
Behavioural (CBT and REBT)
12
Q
What does ABCDE stand for?
A
Activating event - e.g. You fail an assignment by 1 mark
Belief - e.g. “I’m useless at studying”
Consequence - e.g. “I may as well quit”
Dispute irrational belief - e.g. “Do I always fail? When did I last succeed?”
Effective alternate beliefs - e.g. “I failed by 1 mark, that doesn’t mean I’m useless, I’ll do some more revision and resubmit”
13
Q
Which approach is the actualising tendency associated with?
A
Person-centred/humanistic
14
Q
Which theory is self-actualisation associated with?
A
Person-centred/humanistic
15
Q
Who invented the Hierarchy of Needs?
A
Abraham Maslow
16
Q
Which approach is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs associated with?
A
Humanistic/person-centred
17
Q
Which approach is the organismic valuing process associated with?
A
Person-centred/humanistic
18
Q
Which approach is the Johari Window associated with?
A
Humanistic/person-centred
19
Q
Which ‘umbrella’ approach does Gestalt therapy belong to?
A
Humanistic
20
Q
Which ‘umbrella’ approach do existential therapies fall under?
A
Humanistic
21
Q
Which approach emphasises ‘prizing’ the client?
A
Person-centred/humanistic
22
Q
Which approach are the three ‘core conditions’ associated with?
A
Person-centred/humanistic
23
Q
What are the three ‘core conditions’?
A
Empathy
Congruence
Unconditional Positive Regard
24
Q
Which approach says that your self-concept is made up of your organismic self, perceived self and ideal self?
A
Person-centred/humanistic
25
Which approach says that the mind is made up of 3 levels: conscious, subconscious and unconscious?
Psychodynamic
26
Which approach believes in the personality structure of id, ego and superego?
Psychodynamic
27
Which approach believes we all have 'drives' (such as the life drive and death drive) that we strive to fulfill?
Psychodynamic
28
Which approach believes in the pleasure principle and the reality principle?
Psychodynamic
29
Which approach talks about 'defence mechanisms' such as projection, repression and denial?
Psychodynamic
30
Which approach is most likely to use dream analysis?
Psychodynamic
31
Which approach would talk about neurotic anxiety?
Psychodynamic
32
Which approach would talk about moral anxiety?
Psychodynamic
33
Which approach would talk about 'reality' anxiety?
Psychodynamic
34
Which approach is based on Pavlov's work on classical conditioning and Bandura's social learning theory?
Behavioural/CBT/REBT
35
Which approach is most likely to use case formulation with clients?
Behavioural
36
Which approach is associated with schemas?
Behavioural
37
Which approach would talk about automatic thoughts?
Behavioural
38
Which approach would talk about cognitive distortions?
Behavioural
39
Name the approach associated with each of the following:
- Cognitive distortions
- Conditions of worth
- Defence mechanisms
Cognitive distortions - Behavioural
Conditions of worth - Humanistic
Defence mechanisms - Psychoanalytic
40
Which approach would talk about irrational thinking and alternative thinking?
Behavioural
41
Which approach talks about behaviour modification?
Behavioural
42
Which approach is focused on solving problems and meeting goals?
Behavioural
43
In what type of therapy is the client most likely to be given homework?
Behavioural
44
Name a model of supervision (2 possible answers)
Carroll's 7 Task Model
Inskipp and Proctor's Functional Model
45
Which approach challenges the over-medicalisation of the human experience?
Humanistic
46
What type of therapy would be most likely to use free association?
Psychoanalytic
47
If a therapist is using a 'neutral stance', what kind of therapist are they?
Psychoanalytic
48
Which approach is based on more of a 'working alliance' than a 'therapeutic relationship'?
Behavioural
49
Which approach believes that there are six 'necessary and sufficient' conditions of therapeutic change?
Humanistic
50
Which approach has the most measurable outcomes, which makes it easier to find evidence that it works?
Behavioural - 'scales' are frequently used, so it is easy to show change over time
51
Which approach is focused on the past?
Psychoanalytic
52
Is the psychoanalytic approach more focused on the past or the present?
The past
53
Is the humanistic approach more focused on the past or the present?
The present
54
Is the behavioural approach more focused on the past or the present?
The present
55
Which approach is most likely to be used to quickly treat a phobia?
Behavioural
56
Which approach is most likely to be used to treat deep-seated childhood issues?
Psychoanalytic
57
Which approach would talk about an internal or external locus of evaluation?
Humanistic
58
Which approach might be criticised for not dealing with the root causes of distress?
Behavioural
59
Which approach might be particularly frustrating to a client who feels they need direction?
Humanistic
60
Which approach is 'splitting' associated with?
Psychoanalytic
61
Repression is a
A. Core condition (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
62
Regression is a
A. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
63
Projection is a
A. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
64
Which approach is interpretation associated with?
Psychoanalytic
65
Which approach is re-parenting associated with?
Psychoanalytic
66
Resistance is associated with which approach?
Psychodynamic
67
All-or-nothing thinking is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
68
"I mustn't be angry" is a
A. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
A. Condition of worth (humanistic)
69
Catastrophising is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Condition of worth (humanistic)
C. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
70
Emotional reasoning is a
A. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
A. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
71
Denial is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. River in Egypt
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
72
Reaction formation is a
A. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
C. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
B. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
73
Magnification and minification are
A. Defence mechanisms (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortions (behavioural)
C. Spells in Harry Potter
B. Cognitive distortions (behavioural)
74
What in the fresh hell is a schema?
A. A plan
B. The light brown bit on top of your espresso
C. A 'rule' or pattern learnt in childhood that you maintain through present-day behaviours (behavioural approach)
C. A 'rule' or pattern learnt in childhood that you maintain through present-day behaviours (behavioural approach)
(I think? Oh God...)
75
Someone with an external locus of evaluation...
A. Feels defined by other people
B. Trusts their own opinions about themselves
A. Feels defined by other people
76
Fortune telling is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Better way to make money than counselling
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
77
Magical thinking is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Skill you learn after having lots of counselling
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
78
Personalisation is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Counselling skill
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
79
Jumping to conclusions is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
80
Mind reading is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Skill you learn on level 4
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
81
Disqualifying the positive is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Condition of worth (humanistic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
82
"Should" statements are
A. A defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. A cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. A counselling skill
B. A cognitive distortion (behavioural)
83
Displacement is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Counselling skill
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
84
Introjection is a
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
B. Cognitive distortion (behavioural)
C. Counselling skill
A. Defence mechanism (psychoanalytic)
85
According to psychoanalytic theory, why do people use defence mechanisms?
A. To maintain maladaptive schemas learned in childhood
B. To protect themselves from painful or unacceptable feelings and memories
C. To be worthy of others' love and acceptance
B. To protect themselves from painful or unacceptable feelings and memories
86
What is the aim of CBT?
A. To examine any maladaptive patterns/schemas the client has, work together in testing the reality of those patterns, and replace them with more helpful and realistic alternatives.
B. To provide clients with the right relational conditions so that the ideal self will align more with the organismic/real self.
C. To gradually bring the 'unacceptable' aspects of the client's unconscious into their consciousness so that they can be processed.
A. To examine any maladaptive patterns/schemas the client has, work together in testing the reality of those patterns, and replace them with more helpful and realistic alternatives.
87
What is the aim of the psychodynamic approach?
A. To examine any maladaptive patterns/schemas the client has, work together in testing the reality of those patterns, and replace them with more helpful and realistic alternatives.
B. To provide clients with the right relational conditions so that the ideal self will align more with the organismic/real self.
C. To gradually bring the 'unacceptable' aspects of the client's unconscious into their consciousness so that they can be processed.
C. To gradually bring the 'unacceptable' aspects of the client's unconscious into their consciousness so that they can be processed.
88
What is the aim of the person-centred approach?
A. To examine any maladaptive patterns/schemas the client has, work together in testing the reality of those patterns, and replace them with more helpful and realistic alternatives.
B. To provide clients with the right relational conditions so that the ideal self will align more with the organismic/real self.
C. To gradually bring the 'unacceptable' aspects of the client's unconscious into their consciousness so that they can be processed.
B. To provide clients with the right relational conditions so that the ideal self will align more with the organismic/real self.
89
Which approach generally takes the longest?
Psychodynamic
90
Which approach generally takes the least time?
Behavioural
91
What even is the organismic valuing process?
A. I don't know, those are some really hard words...
B. Rating your level of congruence on a scale of 1-10
C. The process of self-led growth that happens when we move towards authenticity, autonomy, internal locus of evaluation, unconditional positive self regard, process living (recognising we're always 'becoming' and we never 'arrive'), relatedness (supportive and trusting relationships), and openness to inner and outer experience. Which is driven by our actualising tendency and facilitated by the counsellor's use of the core conditions. (Humanistic approach)
C. The process of self-led growth that happens when we move towards authenticity, autonomy, internal locus of evaluation, unconditional positive self regard, process living (recognising we're always 'becoming' and we never 'arrive'), relatedness (supportive and trusting relationships), and openness to inner and outer experience. Which is driven by our actualising tendency and facilitated by the counsellor's use of the core conditions. (Humanistic approach)
...I think. Aaah.
92
Which specific type of counselling uses the empty chair technique?
Gestalt
93
Existential and Gestalt therapies both tend to:
A. Use creative methods like painting or role-play with puppets
B. Focus on the past
C. Encourage the client to take responsibility
C. Encourage the client to take responsibility
