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EARTH SCIENCE (1ST SEM) > L3 : MINERALS > Flashcards

L3 : MINERALS Flashcards

1
Q

is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure

A

mineral

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2
Q

mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite _________ and a __________, it is also the two most important properties of a mineral; they distinguish any mineral from all others.

A

chemical composition and crystalline structure

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3
Q

minerals are ______ of rocks

A

building blocks

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4
Q

___________ use the criteria to determine whether a material is classified as a mineral or not

A

mineralogist

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5
Q

a _______ is any solid element or compound whose atoms are arranged in a regular, periodically repeated pattern.

A

crystal

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6
Q

a ________ is a flat surface that develops if a crystal grows freely in an uncrowded environment

A

crystal face

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7
Q

a crystal face is a ______ that develops if a crystal grows freely in an uncrowded environment

A

flat surface

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8
Q

refers to the characteristic shape of an individual crystal and the manner in which aggregates of crystals grow

A

crystal habit

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9
Q

crystal habit names are often ______ that help convey the shape of a crystal or a group of crystals.

A

adjectives

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10
Q

_____, ______, ______, ______, _____, and ______ are names of crystal habits that quickly convey a generalized geometric appearance

A

bladed, cubic, fibrous, granular, prismatic, and radiating

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11
Q

is the tendency of some minerals to break along flat surfaces. the surfaces are planes of weak bonds in the crystal.

A

cleavage

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12
Q

the manner in which mineral breaks other than along planes of cleavage

A

fracture

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13
Q

the resistance of a mineral to scratching, controlled by the bond strength between its atoms

A

hardness

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14
Q

the scale is known as the ______________, after Friedrich Mohs, the Austrian mineralogist who developed it in the early 19th century.

A

mohs hardness scale

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15
Q

the scale is known as the Mohs hardness scale, after _______, the Austrian mineralogist who developed it in the early 19th century.

A

friedrich mohs

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16
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 1/10

A

talc

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17
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 2/10

A

gypsum

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18
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 3/10

A

calcite

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19
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 4/10

A

fluorite

20
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 5/10

A

apatite

21
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 6/10

A

orthoclase

22
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 7/10

A

quartz

23
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 8/10

A

topaz

24
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 9/10

A

corondum

25
Q

mohs scale of hardness - 10/10

A

diamond

26
Q

is the weight of the substance relative to the weight of an equal volume of water

A

specific gravity

27
Q

formula for specific gravity

A

specific gravity = density of the object / density of water

28
Q

is the most obvious property of a mineral, and it is often used in identification

A

color

29
Q

refers to the color of the fine powder of a mineral, usually obtained by rubbing the mineral on an unglazed, porcelain streak plate.

A

streak

30
Q

is the quality and intensity of light reflected from the surface of a mineral

A

luster

31
Q

describes the minerals reaction to stress or mineral’s toughness and resistance to breaking or deformation

A

tenacity

32
Q

types of tenacity (1/6) : a mineral turns into powder

brittleness
ductility
malleability
flexible but inelastic
flexible and elastic
sectility

A

brittleness

33
Q

types of tenacity (2/6) : a mineral can be stretched into wire

brittleness
ductility
malleability
flexible but inelastic
flexible and elastic
sectility

A

ductility

34
Q

types of tenacity (3/6) : a mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer

brittleness
ductility
malleability
flexible but inelastic
flexible and elastic
sectility

A

malleability

35
Q

types of tenacity (4/6) : minerals are bent, but they remain in the new position

brittleness
ductility
malleability
flexible but inelastic
flexible and elastic
sectility

A

flexible but inelastic

36
Q

types of tenacity (5/6) : minerals are bent, and they bring back to their original position

brittleness
ductility
malleability
flexible but inelastic
flexible and elastic
sectility

A

flexible and elastic

37
Q

types of tenacity (6/6) : ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife

brittleness
ductility
malleability
flexible but inelastic
flexible and elastic
sectility

A

sectility

38
Q

_________ classify minerals according to their chemical elements.

A

geologists

39
Q

although more than _____ minerals are known in Earth’s crust, only a small number - between 50 and 100 - are common or valuable

A

3,500

40
Q

although more than 3,500 minerals are known in Earth’s crust, only a small number - between ____ and _____ - are common or valuable

A

50 and 100

41
Q

only nine rocks forming minerals make up most of the crust. _______ of the rocks-forming minerals are silicate materials while the other _____, calcite and dolomite, are carbonates.

A

7 and 2

42
Q

are minerals whose chemical elements include silicon and oxygen and whose crystal structures contain silicate tetrahedral

A

silicates

43
Q

make up about 92 percent of the earth’s crust

A

silicates

44
Q

silicates make up about ___ percent of the earth’s crust

A

92%

45
Q

are minerals whose chemical elements include carbon and oxygen as a major part of their chemical composition

A

carbonates

46
Q

are minerals that consist of only one element and thus the element occurs in the native state (not chemically bonded other elements)

A

native elements

47
Q

are minerals whose chemical elements include sulfur bonded to a metal ion. An example is pyrite, (FeS2) known as “fool’s gold”.

A

sulfides

EARTH SCIENCE (1ST SEM) (5 decks)

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