L3: respiration

Question 1

what is the difference between breathing and respiration?

Answer 1

breathing is a physical process, respiration is a chemical reaction which releases energy

Question 2

what is breathing?

Answer 2

a physical process where we inhale oxygen and exhale waste carbon dioxide

Question 3

what is respiration?

Answer 3

chemical reaction which releases the energy from glucose in the food we eat and oxygen we breathe

Question 4

where does breathing happen?

Answer 4

in our lungs

Question 5

where does respiration happen?

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

what cells will usually have lots of mitochondria?

Answer 6

cells that require lots of energy

Question 7

can you name two examples of cells that require a lot of energy?

Answer 7

muscle or sperm

Question 8

do most animal and plant cells have mitochondria?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 9

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Question 10

why is it called aerobic respiration?

Answer 10

energy is released in the presence of oxygen

Question 11

what type of chemical is glucose?

Answer 11

a carbohydrate

Question 12

what does glucose do in aerobic respiration?

Answer 12

it stores lots of energy

Question 13

what does oxygen do in aerobic respiration?

Answer 13

it releases all the energy in the glucose so that our cells can stay alive and perform their functions

Question 14

what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 14

(all the numbers are small) C6H12O6 + O2 (arrow) CO2 + H2O

Question 15

what happens to carbon dioxide and water in aerobic respiration?

Answer 15

they get exhaled

Question 16

what safety precautions do we need to be use when doing the lime water test?

Answer 16

eye protection

Question 17

when does anaerobic respiration usually take place?

Answer 17

during intense intense exercise when it is harder to get oxygen your cells need, “emergency backup”

Question 18

when doing an intense exercise, why are your muscles sore?

Answer 18

lactic acid, heart wasn’t able to pump blood to your muscles as easily - respiration without oxygen

Question 19

why is lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration?

Answer 19

because glucose cant be properly broken without oxygen

Question 20

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 20

glucose (arrow) lactic acid

Question 21

what is the symbol equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 21

(all the numbers should be small) C6H12O6 (arrow) C3H6O3

Question 22

what is it called when plants/fungi respire anaerobically?

Answer 22

fermentation

Question 23

what is the word equation for fermentation?

Answer 23

glucose (arrow) ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 24

what is the symbol equation for fermentation?

Answer 24

(all numbers should be small, you can infer the ones which aren’t) C6H12O6 (ARROW) 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 25

name two uses for fermentation?

Answer 25

CO2 produced in fermentation to make dough rise when we make bread, ethanol can make alcoholic drinks

Question 26

what is the definition of an adaptation?

Answer 26

a change that helps something do its job

Question 27

what does alveoli have to be protected from?

Answer 27

dirt and germs

Question 28

what are the five different parts of the alveoli?

Answer 28

blood leaving the alveoli, capillaries, alveolus, blood entering the alveoli, air

Question 29

can you give a brief summary of gaseous exchange between the alveoli and capillaries?

Answer 29

gases and dissolved molecules (like oxygen and carbon dioxide) will go through diffusion

Question 30

what is diffusion?

Answer 30

when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area with low concentration

Question 31

how are the lungs adapted for maximum gas exchange? (alveoli)

Answer 31

many alveoli - increases surface area, means more oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged

Question 32

how are the lungs adapted for maximum gas exchange? (blood supply)

Answer 32

alveoli surrounded by capillaries carrying blood nearby, blood constantly being refreshed

Question 33

how are the lungs adapted for maximum gas exchange?(alveoli's walls)

Answer 33

alveolus wall only 1-cell thick, means oxygen+carbon dioxide have short distance to diffuse, easy for gases to get in/out