L3 - Valvular heart disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in L3 - Valvular heart disease Deck (8)
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1
Q

Describe composition of valves?

A
  1. Ventricularis: collagen, elastin
  2. Fibrosa: dense collagenous core
  3. Spongiosa: core of loose connective tissue
  4. Atrialis: layer rich in elastin, endothelial covering
2
Q

What is mainly responsible for the mechanical integrity of a valve?

note:
what allows valve to adapt?

A
  • collagen
  • valve populated by interstitial cells
  • produce and repair ECM
  • allowing valve to adapt
3
Q

Stenosis

A

failure of valve to open completely.

impedes forward flow.

pressure overload.

4
Q

Insufficiency

A

failure of valve to close completely.

allowing reversed flow.

volume overload.

5
Q

Describe three main types pathologic changes of valve?

include examples

A
  1. damage to collagen, weakening leaflets, mitral valve prolapse
  2. nodular calcification beginning in interstitial cells, calcific aortic stenosis
  3. fibrotic thickening, rheumatic heart disease feature
6
Q

aortic stenosis

- symptoms (3)

A
  • dysponea
  • syncope
  • angina
7
Q

pathophysiology of acute aortic regurgitation?

A
  • sudden large regurgitant vol imposed on LV (of normal size and compliance)
  • LV attempts to maintain CO with increased HR and contractility
  • compensatory LV dilation, hypertrophy
8
Q

Describe what may happen if attempts to maintain forward SV/CO may be inadequate?

A
  1. Pulmonary oedema
  2. cardiogenic shock
  3. angina