L32: Disease blood vessels and lymphatics

Question 1

Which vessels are most vulnerable to compression, occlusion, invasion etc?

Answer 1

veins and lymphatics

Question 2

How is the inner half of the BV wall supplied with O2?

Answer 2

blood from lumen supplies via vasa vasorum

Question 3

How does vascular smooth muscle cells respond to a sustained inc in BP or vol?

Answer 3

inc work load= hypertrophy/ hyperplasia sometimes

Question 4

What are myointimal cells

Answer 4

the pores in the internal elastic lamina of the sub endothelial layer

Question 5

What is arteriosclerosis

Answer 5

hardening of arteries, luminal narrowing, loss of elasticity

Question 6

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 6

significant lipid deposition + fatty degeneration of vessel wall

Question 7

What is an atheroma

Answer 7

a fibrofatty plaque, core of lipid covered with fibrous cap

Question 8

What is a fatty streak

Answer 8

soft, smooth, non elevated lipid-rich intimal degenerative plaque

Question 9

What does arteriosclerosis look like grossly?

Answer 9

raised, thickened, wrinkled intimal + flat white plaques

Question 10

What domestic animals commonly develop atherosclerosis

Answer 10

piggies
high cholesterol diet

Dogs due to Dz –> persistent hypercholesterolaemia (e.g. diabetes, hypothyroidism)

Question 11

What is hyaline degeneration of arterioles ?

Answer 11

deposition of collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, amyloid in tunica intimal

Question 12

What is fibrinoid change of arteries?

Answer 12

extracellular degenerative change > injury to endothelium > fibrin accumulates from plasma > coagulation

Question 13

Why would dystrophic mineralisation occur in a domestic animals?

Answer 13

deposition of mineral e.g. calcium in necrotised tissue

Question 14

What would metastatic mineralisation occur in an amimas

Answer 14

deposition of mineral in viable tissues due to increased serum conc of Ca/ PO3-

Question 15

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 15

localised abnormal dilation BV

Question 16

What is a dissecting aneurysm

Answer 16

blood dissects b/w layers of tunica media to create cavity

Question 17

What is vasculitis

Answer 17

inflammation of vessels

Question 18

What is arteritis

Answer 18

inflam of arteries

Question 19

What is phlebitis

Answer 19

inflammation veins

Question 20

What is lymphangitis

Answer 20

inflam of lymphatics

Question 21

Why might vasculitis occur?

Answer 21

endothelium damaged, toxaemia, deposition immune complexes, FIP, lactic acididosi, heart worms

Question 22

What are potential consequences of vasculitis

Answer 22

oedema, haemorrhage, thrombosis

Question 23

Was is verminous arteritis?

Answer 23

Artery inflammation caused by parasite

e. g. heart worm @ pulmonary artery
e. g. Strongylus vulgars @ cranial mesenteric arter horse

Question 24

what is steroid-responsive meningeal arteritis?

Answer 24

immune mediated polyarteritis in beagles, boxers, pointers

Question 25

what is polyarteritis nodos?

Answer 25

severe nodular necrotising inflammation

Question 26

what is thrombophlebitis

Answer 26

phlebitis that leads to thrombosis

Question 27

What are some bacterial agents that commonly cause lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, lymphedema?

Answer 27

woody tongue | cheesy gland

Question 28

What is plebectasia

Answer 28

vein dilation

Question 29

What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphedema

Answer 29

``` primary= anomalous development of system secondary= obstruction ```

Question 30

what is chylothorax

Answer 30

lymph formed in the digestive system called chyle accumulating in the pleural cavity due to either disruption or obstruction of the thoracic duct