L33

Question 1

what is the main function of male and female reproductive system ?

Answer 1

produce gametes

Question 2

sperm remain viable for X day ?

Answer 2

3 day

Question 3

Secondary oocyte in the fallopian tube lasts for ?

Answer 3

last 24 hours after fertilization

Question 4

true or false

if intercourse takes place within 3 days after the day of ovulation

Answer 4

false

take place within 3 days pirior [ before] the day of ovulation

Question 5

sperm fuses with oocyte in which layer ?

Answer 5

plasma membrane

Question 6

sperm nucleus enters ?

Answer 6

cytoplasm of oocytes

Question 7

which layer has receptor to attach to sperm ?

Answer 7

oocyte plasma membrane

Question 8

cortical granules release enzymes and zona pellucida become?

Answer 8

fertilization envelope. /membrane

Question 9

depolarization of oocytes help to ?

Answer 9

prevent any marr sperm from enterimg

Depolarization of oocyte -> cortical granules fuse with cell membrane  release their content  detach receptors on the membrane  prevent any more sperm from
entering

Question 10

what is cleavage ?

Answer 10

Mitotic division of zygote / increase number of cells

Question 11

growth ?

Answer 11

increase in size of the divided cells

Question 12

what is Morphogenesis ?

Answer 12

Shaping of the embryo through cell migration

Question 13

what is differentiation ?

Answer 13

Cells take specific structure and function. in order to become mature fetus

Question 14

process of development consist of?

Answer 14

1- cleavage
2-growth
3-morphogenesis
4-differentiation

Question 15

Embryonic Period [ organ formation period] ?

Answer 15

the period of system formation [organogenesis]
first to 2 week
[ it period from forming zygote until implantation /morula ]

Question 16

fetal period ?

Answer 16

start at week 8 until full term fetus

growth and development [ maturation ]

Question 17

zygote -cleavage five us ?

Answer 17

Morula

Question 18

first cleavage division is completed when ?

Answer 18

30 hrs after fertilization / and it reach morula after 3 to 4 days

Question 19

true or false

all the organ if from oocyte only part of the genetic is from the sperm

Answer 19

true

Question 20

During the act of intercourse, the male ejaculates x sperms into the vagina and only y enter fallopian tunes. The sperm remain viable for p days

Answer 20

300 m sperms are ejacrulated
Only 100-200 enter Fallopian tube
Sperm are viable for 3 days

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE

only one sperm is able to penetrate the Corona radiata

Answer 21

False. Several are able to.

However, only one is able to penetrate the Zona Pellucida and allow nucleus to enter cytoplasm

Question 22

Describe the early embryonic structure? (Blastocyte)?

Answer 22

Consists of an inner cell mass (that develops into embryo)
And Trophoblast, or chondrion ( that will become part of the placenta)
^fertilization membrane sheds later on.], before implantation

Question 23

When does the trophoblast attach to the uterine wall?

Answer 23

5 TO 6 DAYS

Question 24

When does complete implantation occur? (And how would you know)?

Answer 24

7-10 days (when the blastocyst is completely in the endometrium)

Question 25

Hormone human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is now secreted from?

Answer 25

implanted balstocyst

Question 26

What is the function of hCG and when is it secreted?

Answer 26

It continues to allow the corpus luteum to be viable (instead of wearing off after2 weeks) (to secrete mostly progesterone and some estrogen) until the placenta takes over It is secreted when complete implantation occurs (7-10 days)

Question 27

hCG becomes detectable in the mother blood and urine between ?

Answer 27

6 to 14 days after retilization 9 3 to 4 weeks in gastational age

Question 28

Which harmone(s) are responsible for supporting the endometrium and inhibiting the contraction of the uterine muscle?

Answer 28

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 29

``` What is the failure rate of Condom Coitus interruptus And Vasectomy As a form of male contraception? ```

Answer 29

Condom (2-12% failure) Withdrawal before ejaculation (20-30% failure) Vasectomy (0%)

Question 30

Describe the contraceptive pill and state its failure rate

Answer 30

Combination of synthetic estrogen and progestins to cause negative feedback on GnRH and prevent ovulation (<1% failure)

Question 31

What is the female diaphragm and its failure rate?

Answer 31

It is a contraceptive that is analogous to the male condom (20% failure rate)

Question 32

What is the the failure rate of the Intrauterine device IUD, or the loop?

Answer 32

<2%

Question 33

What is the temperature method of contraception?

Answer 33

Tracking temperature Of body- if it increases by around 0.5•C do not partake in intercourse because ovulation has occurred (4% failure rate)

Question 34

What is the rhythm method, and its failure rate?

Answer 34

Avoiding intercourse at time of ovulation by using Calender (cycle must be regular) 20-30% failure

Question 35

What is tubal ligation?

Answer 35

Sterilization- Fallopian tubes are banded, cauterized, tied, cut, and clipped. 0% failure

Question 36

For how long does the corpus luteum play a vital role in keeping the endometrium lining [ produce hormones ]?

Answer 36

Until around 2 months, when the placenta takes over the role of secretion of progesterone and placenta

Question 37

State some differences between M & F reproductive systems

Answer 37

Gonads reside outside the abdominal cavity M; ovaries reside inside abdominal cavity F - release of gametes are continuous (some 1 ° spermatids undergo mitosis)M; release of grafiaan follicle 1/month F (all primary oocytes start meiosis I) - gamete reserve is replenished throughtout life M; gamete reserve limited # F - Test only exhibits -ve feedback on FSH directly and LH indirectly M; can exhibits +ve feedback as well F - male tract activity is non rhythmic ; female tract is rhythmic monthly or on the length of pregnancy - Male tract only serves sperm transport, store, and maturation; F serves sperm and egg transport, store, maturation, fertilization

Question 38

Define fertility and estimate its prevelance

Answer 38

nability of a couple to achieve pregnancy after a couple of years Previous is around 15%

Question 39

How common is infertility in M as compared with F, and what are the causes?

Answer 39

It is equally common with Males compared with females For males- low sperm count AND OR large production of abnormal spermatozoa caused by environmental factors (such as radiation) For females- overweight

Question 40

How do you treat infertility?

Answer 40

First treat underlying causes Female sterility drug that stimulate ovulation Assisted reproductive technologies as last resort

Question 41

Give examples and explain some Assistive reproductive technologies

Answer 41

Artificial insemination by donor For low sperm count males, ejaculate multiple times and collect the sperm. Then the Spermatozoa is placed in vagina by physician -IVF Fertility drugs are administered to immature eggs in the lab for them to mature Then it is intubated with concentrated sperm Embryo is transferred to the uterus (15-20% SUCCESS) -Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer Higher success rate than IVF Collect eggs and spermatozoa and reintroduce them in the Fallopian tube with speed at the same time (fertilization is in Fallopian tubes) Viable only if Fallopian tubes are intact and sperm are normal