L4-11 Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
- People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron.
−Humans are not quite literate.
A
Pre-Industrial Age (before 1700s)
2
Q
−also called parietal art.
−one of the few ways we get a true glimpse into our past.
−Materials used: quite limited-relied on natural elements from the environment like mud, colorful rocks, animal blood, saliva, animal fat, etc.
A
Cave paintings (35,000 BC)
3
Q
Modern word of Papyrus
A
Paper
4
Q
−writing material made from the papyrus plant, a reed which grows in the marshy areas around the Nile river.
−used as a writing material as early as 3,000 BC in ancient Egypt.
−continued to be used to some extent until around 1100 AD.
A
Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC)
5
Q
Current name of Mesopotamia
A
Iraq
6
Q
−writing medium in the Ancient Near East.
−throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age.
A
Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC)
7
Q
what do you call the characters that were imprinted on a wetclay tabletwith a stylus often made of reed.
A
Cuneiform
8
Q
−Content of the Roman Stone, Metal, or Papyri “Newspapers”
−said to have first appeared around 131/130 BC during the Roman Republic.
− kept the ancient inhabitants of Rome up to date with current events.
−contained various forms of news, ranging from the official to entertainment, and even astrological readings.
−Used to inform the residents of Rome.
A
Acta Diurna in Rome (130BC)
9
Q
−“Reports from the official residences”
A
Dibao in China (2nd Century)
10
Q
−type of publications issued by central and local governments in imperial China.
the only official government newspaper published by the ancient Chinese central government in different dynasties.
A
Dibao in China (2nd Century)
11
Q
general term to describe the ancient Chinese gazette.
A
Dibao
12
Q
2 different types of names used to describe DIbao
A
Palace reports and imperial bulletins
13
Q
folding books written by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization
A
Codex in the Mayan region (5th Century)
14
Q
singular codex
A
Maya codices
15
Q
script that is used in codex in the mayan region
A
Maya hieroglyphic script
16
Q
Type of paper used in codex in the mayan region
A
Mesoamerican bark paper
17
Q
products of professional scribes working under the patronage of deities such as
A
−Tonsured Maize God and the Howler Monkey Gods.
18
Q
Technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper.
A
Woodblock printing
19
Q
−Prior to the invention of woodblock printing, seals and stamps were used for making impressions.
A
Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD
20
Q
−People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press).
A
Industrial age
21
Q
type of evolution : Punch cards
A
Industrial
22
Q
invention of the transistor
−People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers.
long distance communication became more efficient.
A
ELECTRONIC AGE 1930s-1980s
23
Q
−Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network.
− People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology.
−voice, image, sound and data are digitalized.
A
Information Age (1900s-2000s)
24
Q
−Marshall Mcluhan
−Media and communication have and will always significantly affect and change our way of life.
−Society is driven by changes in media and communication technology.
A
Technological Determinism Theory
25
−Brian Winston
−Culture shapes technology
−Society is in control of technology
−Innovations overtime does not dictate how society must adapt and function concerning these technologies
−Technology is a product of need
−Technology when not needed or does not have a practical use will perish
Cultural Determinism Theory
26
roles and function of media to −inform citizens of what is happening around them.
1.Monitoring Function
27
−educate the audience as to the meaning and significance of the “facts”
−ability of the media to teach the various norms, rules and values.
2.Information function
28
−provide a platform for public political discourse, facilitating the formation of “public opinion” and feeding that opinion back to the public from whence it came.
3.Opinion function
29
−provoke public debates leading to greater public participation in important decisions
−alert and mobilize public opinion to humanitarian causes/injustices
.Opinion function
30
−give publicity to governmental and political institutions.
−uncover abuses, pressure for their rectification;
4.Watchdog role of journalism
31
−allow political pluralism to express itself by advertising different views/ ideological approaches to certain issues;
−keep politicians attuned to public opinion while offering politicians a medium to explain policies/decisions to public opinion and build the necessary support.
5.Serve as the channel for the advocacy of political viewpoints.
32
− love/hate relationship: Both need each other; the one to provide the information, the other to communicate it.
relationship between politicians and media
33
−Is an act provided or learned about something or someone.
●Information
34
−Data that has been collected, processed, and interpreted in order to be presented in a useable form.
●Information
35
−"recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information."
●Information Literacy
36
−Respects the authors’ or producers’ ethical and legal ownership of their work.
●Copyright
37
−lip-synching to someone else’s voice and accepting the applause and rewards for yourself”
●Plagiarism/Academic Dishonesty
38
what makes an academic honestry
give credit
39
LAW : MIL is acquired process
Law 5
40
Law: right to access and understand new knowledge
law 4
41
LAW: Infos are not always value neutral; truth should be made understandable and transparent
Law 3
42
LAW: every citizen is creator of infos
LAW 2
43
LAW : civic engagement ; equally relevant in all forms
LAW 1
44
type of media consisting od paper and ink
print media
45
reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical.
print media
46
−Reach target audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium.
2.BROADCAST MEDIA
47
−Contents are organized and distributed on digital platforms.
3.DIGITAL OR NEW MEDIA
48
It is something using digits, particularly binary digits.
Digital
49
means meeting at a point
convergence
50
happens when different (two or more) media sources join together.
Media Convergence
51
−Ability to transform different kinds of media into digital code, which is then accessible by a range of devices.
Media Convergence
52
−Allows media texts to be produces and distributed on multiple media devices.
Media Convergence
53
give example of media convergence
smartphone, computers, internet, google, facebook
54
3 classification of Media and Information Sources
Primary, secondary, tertiary
55
−First owner of information
−First hand
PRIMARY SOURCES
56
−Came from primary source
−Review/analysis of primary source
SECONDARY SOURCES
57
−Compiled data from different sources.
TERTIARY SOURCES
58
______ are typically considered tertiary sources, but a study of how encyclopedias have changed on the Internet would use them as primary sources.
encyclopedias
59
place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale.
1.LIBRARIES
60
libraries that Serves colleges and universities
Academic library
61
libraries that −Serves cities and towns of all types.
●Public Library
62
library −Serves students from Kindergarten to grade 12
●School Library
63
library - −Are in specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private business, and the government.
−For special or certain field or purpose.
Special library
64
−Native; local; originating or produced naturally in a particular religion/locality.
2.INDIGENOUS MEDIA
65
−May be defined as forms of media expression conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous peoples around the globe as vehicles for communication.
2.INDIGENOUS MEDIA
66
type of indigenous media−Knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or society.
●Indigenous Knowledge
67
−Transmission of information through local channels or forms.
−It is a means by which the culture is preserved, handed down and adapted.
●Indigenous Communication
68
FORMS OF INDIGEOUS MEDIA:1.story telling (folklore, myths, legends)
FOLK OF TRADITIONAL MEDI
69
FORMS OF INDIGEOUS MEDIA:.discussion (religion, beliefs, values)
GATHERINGS AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
70
FORMS OF INDIGEOUS MEDIA:3.sharing information (practices, foods)
DIRECT OBSERVATION
71
FORMS OF INDIGEOUS MEDIA:5.ORAL INSTRUCTION -
education
72
Things to consider in Evaluating Information:
reliability, accuracy, value, authority, timeliness
73
_____ also have syntaw meaning
emoji
74
−Are codes, conventions, formats,symbols and narrative structure that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience.
●Media Languages
75
−Are systems of signs that when put together create meaning
codes
76
the study of signs)- combining signs and symbols.
semiotics
77
deeper meaning and depends on the deeper meaning of the color, images of the symbol.
semantic
78
(how what is beneath the surface of what we see ( objects, setting, body language, clothing, color etc.)
symbolic codes
79
II.USE OF LANGUAGE, STYLE AND TEXTUAL LAYOUT.)
HEADLINES
CAPTIONS
SPEECH BUBBLES
LANGUAGE STYLES
written code
80
III. (ARE WAYS IN WHICH EQUIPMENT IS USED TO TELL A STORY)
SOUND
CAMERA ANGLES
TYPES OF SHOTS AND LIGHTNING
CAMERA TECHNIQUES
FRAMING LIGHTNING EXPOSURE
JUXTAPOSITION
Technical code
81
−Also called extreme wide shots.
long shot
82
−shows a group of people in interaction with each other.
medium shot
83
−A view of a figure entire body in order to show action and/or a constellation group of characters.
full body shot
84
−A full-screen shot of a subject’s face showing the finest nuances of expression.
close up shot
85
−A shot of a hand, eye, mouth or any object in detail.
−Particular part of the body.
extreme close up shot
86
−Often used at the beginning of a scene to indicate the location or setting.
Usually a long shot taken from a neutral position.
establishing shot
87
−hows a scene from the perspective of a character or one person.
−POV of the character/cameraman???
Point of view shot
88
−Often used in dialogue scenes
− a frontal view of dialogue partner from the perspective of someone standing behind and slightly to the side of the other partner.
−“to see the perspective of the person”
●Over-the-shoulder shot
89
−Short shot of a character response to an action.
“expression”
Reaction shot
90
−A detail shot which quickly gives visual information necessary to understand the meaning of the scene.
−Gives you sign to have an idea about the scene.
insert shot
91
−A shot from the opposite perspective.
reverse-angle shot
92
−he camera is not mounter on a tripod and instead is held by the camera person, resulting in less stable shots.
−Camera is being held by the cameraman.
hand-help camera shot
93
−Overhead shot
−Also called the bird’s eye shot
aerial shot
94
−Shows people or objects from above higher than the eye level.
high angle shot
95
Below shot
−Shows people or objects from below, lower than the eye level
Low-angle shot
96
−Straighten angle
−Views a subject from the level of a person’s eye
eye level shot
97
−The camera pans (moves horizontaly) from left to right or vice versa across the picture
panorama
pan shot
98
−The camera tilts up (moves upwards) tilts down (moves downwward) around a vertical line
tilt shot
99
−The camera follows along next to or behind a moving object or person
tracking shot
100
−The stationary camera approaches a subject by zooming in or moves farther away by zooming out
zoom
101
refers to a standard or form that acts as a rule governing behavior
−Generally established and accepted ways of doing something.
−Guidelines accepted by the industry.
−repeated ways of constructing media works, using codes that, over time, have become accepted by audiences
CONVENTIONS
102
−the information sent to a receiver from a source.
− The moral or value that you get from a film.
Message
103
−The group of consumers for whom the media message was constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to the message.
audience
104
−People engaged in the process of creating and putting together media content to make a finished media product.
producers
105
they are the information providers
stakeholders
106
−Products of the imagination, mind and creativity.
●Intellectual property
107
The 1987 Philippine Constitution recognized the importance of intellectual property in Article _______
Article XIV, Section 13
108
−Collection of all rights enjoyed by the owner and protection of original intellectual creations in the literary and artistic domain.
COPYRIGHT
109
−Mere data even if they are expressed, explained, illustrated or embodied in a work.
−Works of the Government, News of the day, Rules and Regulations and Principle.
−Speeches/lectures, systems/methods
Non-Copyrightable Matter
110
Copyrightable
−works are protected from the moment of their creation.
111
Duration or term of protection for works with anonymous owner/creator:
50 years d of pub, c of work
112
Duration or term protection for works of applied art
25 years d of c
113
Duration or term of protection for audio-visual works
50 years d of p, c or w
114
Duration or term of protection for performers and producers of sound recordings
50 years
115
Duration or term of protection for broadcasts
20 years
116
Rights conferred to the author of a work
Economic rights
Moral rights
117
−Limits of copyright
−If used for education. It does not violate copyright.
Fair use
118
−Occurs when a copyrighted work is reproduced, distributed, performed, publicly displayed, or made into a derivative work without the permission of the copyright owner.
−Violation of copyright
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
119
Remedies available to an owner of a copyright against an infringer:
can file a criminal, civil or administrative action f
120
−Any visible sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of an enterprise and shall include a stamped or marked container of goods.
−Word, design, position,3-D shape, sound, Particular appearance of the word, Graphics/symbols, logos.
Trademark
121
−A natural or juridical person who is using or intends to use in commerce a mark in connection with goods and/or services.
owner of trademark
122
Immoral, deceptive or scandalous matter Confusingly similar to a previously registered or applied mark.
Non-Registrable Trademarks
123
violation or trademark
TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT
124
−the forms required by good breeding or prescribed by authority to be required in social or official life."
etiquette
125
Norms in the cyberworld or internet
netiquette
126
● Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10175
127
−law in the Philippines approved on September 12, 2012, which aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and the Internet.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10175
128
reporting a crime
walk in, hotline, viber, fb, twitter
129
−An Act Prescribing the Intellectual Property Code and Establishing the Intellectual Property Office, Providing for Its Powers and Functions, and for Other Purposes]
−otherwise known as the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines.
Republic Act No. 8293
130
−An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization; the representation of that author’s work as one’s own, as by not crediting the original.
PLAGIARISM
131
−takes place online, or using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites.
CYBERBULLYING
132
−The excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life.
−This excessive use may, for example, interfere with work or sleep, result in problems with social interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and thought processes.
COMPUTER ADDICTION
133
−An economic inequality between groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT.
−The divide within countries (such as the digital divide in the United States) can refer to inequalities between individuals, households, businesses, and geographic areas at different socioeconomic (and other demographic) levels.
−The Global digital divide designates countries as the units of analysis, and examines the divide between developing and developed countries on an international scale.
DIGITAL DIVINE
