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اساسيات التغذية > L4 > Flashcards

L4 Flashcards

1
Q

necessary for energy production, immune function, blood clotting and other functions.

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

They are organic compounds that are vital to life and indispensable to body functions but are n e e d e d only in minute amounts; no caloric essential nutrients.

A

Vitamins

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3
Q

Precursors compounds that can be converted into active vitamins. Also called provitamins; they are stransformed by the body into active vtamins

A

true

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4
Q

Vitamins falls in to two categories

A

Fat Soluble: Vit A, D, E, K.

Water Soluble: Vit: B ,C

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5
Q

Absorbed directly into the blood stream, where they travel freely.
(Not stored in the body) to the great extent rather excesses are excreted.

A

Water Soluble: Vit: B ,C

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6
Q

are mostly (absorbed into the lymph), and they (travel in the blood) with protein carriers.
They can be (stored in the liver) or (with other lipids in fatty tissues).
Some can build up to toxic level.

A

Fat Soluble: Vit A, D, E, K.

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7
Q

The role:
•gene expression
•vision
•maintenance of body lining+skin
•Immune defence
•growth of bones+body.
•reproduction
•normal development of cells.
•Eyesight

A

Vitamin A

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8
Q

Sources of vitamin A

A

•Animal sources: Liver+eegs+ butter+ whole milk +fish+meat+ fishes oils
•plant sources:
-present in form: carotene
Greens leafy vegetable+ carrots +tomato+ pumpkin Fruit: papaya+mango

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9
Q

plays crucial roles; in the process of light perception at the retina and the maintenance of the Crystal-clear outer window, the corneas.

A

Vitamin A

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10
Q

It has a versatile role in gene expression, vision, maintenance of body lining and skin.

A

Vitamin A

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11
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

Lead to ?

A

• NB “Night blindness“
•Xerophthalmia

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12
Q

is a condition making it difficult or impossible to s e e in relatively low light
An early symptom of Vit A deficiency

A

Night blindness

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13
Q

It is condition characterized by accumulation of keratin in outer part of eye called keratinization

This will lead to

A

xerophthalmia

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14
Q

Vitamin D

Chemical name of vitamin ‘D’ is

A

Calciferol

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15
Q

The role of vitamin D is ?

A

•Absorption of calcium+phosphate from intestine -> deposition on bones

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16
Q

It is formed in the skin from a cholesterol derivative by the action of Ultraviolet rays of sunlight.

A

Vitamin D

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17
Q

The rich source of Vitamin D is:

A

Sunlight

sun light has the capacity to convert cholesterol in our body into Vitamin D.

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18
Q

Deficiency o f vitamin ‘D’ leads to bone deformities such as

A

Rickets
(bent bones and knock knees)

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19
Q

Source of Vitamin D

A

Vitamin D present in foods of animal origin such as liver, egg yolk, butter, oils extracted from the livers of fishes such as cod or shark.

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20
Q

Vitamin E

Another name:

A

Tocoferol or Anti sterility Vitamin

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21
Q

Bodyguard against free radicals-antioxidant

A

Vitamin E

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22
Q

This vitamin is required for the normal functioning of sex organs.

A

Vitamin E

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23
Q

Vitamin E

Deficiency disorders:

A

Sterility> males
abortions>female

reduces the life span of (red blood cells) RBCs and causes Erythrocyte Hemolysis in Infants.

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24
Q

Sources of Vitamin E

A

Fruits+ vegetables germinating seeds+ meat+ egg yolk+ sunflower oil+ cotton seed oil

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25
Q

is also known as Anti coagulation Vitamin

A

Vitamin K

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26
Q

Necessary for synthesis of key bone protein

A

Vitamin K

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27
Q

in man: Synthesised by bacteria present in intestines

A

Vitamin K and B12

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28
Q

Vitamin K

Sources :

A

present in green leafy vegetables+ cow milk
•in man: Synthesised by bacteria present in intestines

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29
Q

Deficiency results in long time for the blood to clot and loss of more blood from injuries.

A

Vitamin K

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30
Q

Vitamin K

Deficiency:

A

Deficiency results in long time for the blood to clot and loss of more blood from injuries.
•Toxicity (excess) leads to: jaundice

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31
Q

are easily absorbed and excreted from the body.

A

Water Soluble Vitamins
(B&C)

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32
Q

Foods that supply they must be consumed frequently.

A

Water Soluble Vitamins
(B&C)

33
Q

They are easily lost and destroyed during food preparation and processing.

A

Water Soluble
Vitamins

34
Q

Also known as Thiamine

A

Vitamin B1

35
Q

It is needed for the activity of some of the functions as coenzyme and in metabolism of carbohydrate.

A

Vitamin B1

36
Q

Vitamin B1

Deficiency disease:

A

Beri-Beri.

37
Q

In this disease, the calf muscles become tender, vomiting, tremors, convulsions, loss of appetite are seen.

A

Beri-Beri

38
Q

Lack of sensation in hand and feet +muscular weakness+ advancing paralysis and abnormal hear action

A

Beri-Beri

عدم وجود إحساس في اليد والقدمين + ضعف عضلي + شلل متقدم وعمل سمعي غير طبيعي

39
Q

Sources of vit B1

A

Cereals like wheat, oil seeds like groundnut, milk, meat, fish.

40
Q

Also known as Riboflavin

A

Vitamin B2

41
Q

•energy metabolism of cells
•Active in body’s energy releasing mechanisms

A

Functions of vitamin B2

42
Q

Vitamin B2
Sources: It is present in milk, eggs, liver, kidney and green leafy vegetables.

A

True

43
Q

• Riboflavin is destroyed by ordinary light.

A

True

44
Q

Vitamin B2
Deficiency disorders:

A

• Mouth cracks at corners.
• Sore throat
• Hypersensitivity to light.

45
Q

Niacin

A

Vitamin B3

46
Q

Vitamin B3 Sources:
It is present in kidney, liver, meat, poultry fish, legumes and groundnuts.

A

True

47
Q

Vitamin B3 Deficiency disorders:

A

Pellagra.
Pellis=skin
Agra=rough

4Ds (diarrhea-dermatitis-dementia- death).

بيلاغرا.

Pellis=جلد

أغرا = خشنا

4Ds (الإسهال - التهاب الجلد - الخرف - الموت).

48
Q

The symptoms of pellagra are diarrhea, dementia (loss of memory) patches on the
body when exposed to sunlight.

A

True

49
Q

•It is called
Pyridoxine

A

Vitamin B6

50
Q

Vitamin B6 Deficiency disorders:

A

irritability, anemia, depression, confusion.

التهيج وفقر الدم والاكتئاب والارتباك.

51
Q

Folate o r Folic Acid Sources: It is present in liver, meat, eggs, milk, fruits,
cereals, and leafy vegetables over cooking of food destroys the folic acid

A

True

52
Q

Folic acid is required for the synthesis of

A

•nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

•development of blood cells in the bone marrow.

53
Q

Folate or Folic Acid Deficiency Symptoms:

A

anemia, diarrhea and decrease in the number of leucocytes.

Cell division in tissues such as intestinal mucosa is affected in folic acid deficiency.

Neural Tube Defect (NTD)-Spina Bifida.

54
Q

Also known as Cyano cobalamin.

A

Vitamin B12

55
Q

Vitamin B12 Source:

A

Bacteria present in the intestine synthesize this vitamin and supply to our body.

Found only in animal sources
Liver is the main site of storage of vitamin B12

56
Q

Liver is the main site of storage of vitamin B12

A

True

57
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiency disease:

A

pernicious anemia that is different from other types of anemia. (the cells are larger than normal and irregular in shape).

58
Q

that is different from other types of anemia. (the cells are larger than normal and irregular in shape).

A

pernicious anemia

59
Q

B12 and folate are closely related: each depends on other for activation.

A

true

60
Q

Helps maintain sheath around nerve cells.

A

Vitamin B12

61
Q

Pantothenic Acid

A

Vitamin B5

62
Q

It is required for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

A

Pantothenic Acid B5

63
Q

Deficiency:leads to burning sensation in feet.

A

Pantothenic Acid B5

64
Q

Biotin

A

Vitamin B7

65
Q

It is required for protein metabolism.

A

Biotin

66
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic Acid

67
Q

It plays an important role in tissue oxidation reactions.

A

Vitamin C

68
Q

It is required for the formation of collagen which is required for
the formation of blood vessels, connective tissue, cartilage and dentine of teeth.

A

Vitamin C

69
Q

also helps in the absorption and storage of iron.

A

Vitamin C

70
Q

This Vitamin is also required for normal growth, tissue repair, healing of wounds and fracture of bone.

A

Vitamin C

71
Q

It is a nutritional disorder caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin ‘C’

A

Scurvy

72
Q

The symptoms of this disease are swelling of gums, bleeding from gums and from the joints and under the skin.

أعراض هذا المرض هي تورم اللثة والنزيف من اللثة والمفاصل وتحت الجلد.

A

Scurvy

73
Q

are elements needed by the body in small amounts for health and maintenance.

A

Minerals

74
Q

are needed in the diet in amounts greater than 100 mg per day or are present in the body in amounts greater than 0.01% of body weight.

A

Major minerals

75
Q

are required in the diet in amounts less than 100 mg per day or are present in the body in amounts less than 0.01% of body weight.

A

Trace minerals

76
Q

Minerals a r e available in unprocessed foods, some processed foods and dietary supplements.
•To maintain health, minerals must be consumed in the correct proportions.

A

True

77
Q

iron,zinc,copper,manganese ,selenium,iodine,fluoride, chromium and munedbymlo

A

The trace elements

78
Q

They are required in amounts less than 100 mg per day.

A

Trace Elements

79
Q

Goiter, cretinism, mental retardation, growth and developmental abnormalities

A

Iodine deficiency

اساسيات التغذية (9 decks)

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