L4 Bio Chem Slide Questions Flashcards
(21 cards)
Which FOUR elements do amino acids contain?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
What’s the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains DEOXYRIBOSE whereas RNA contains Ribose….. and
DNA is double helix
RNA is single strand
What is meant by an ‘enzyme’
Enzymes are biological catylists, they allow reactions in our body to happen under mild conditions.
They provide an alternative lower energy pathway.
What drives the 3D structure of proteins?
it’s the sequence of AMINO ACIDS. some AA want to be on the inside (the hydrophobic ones) whereas the hydrophilic ones want to be on the outside…. PLUS the conditions the proteins are in SO is it at the correct pH because proteins will adjust their structure when the pH changes.
What is a Co-factor and give an example
typically a vitamin or mineral BUT is essential for the enzyme to function correctly.
eg., zinc in alcohol dyhydrogenase
What’s the bonds between two amino acids?
di-peptide bond
created by DEHYDRATION synthesis
and
broken by HYDROLYSIS.
Explain how human and plant enzymes differ?
Plant enzymes tolerate a wider range of pH.
Bromelain is intact passing through the pH of the stomach. if our digestive tract is healthy, the rate of absorption is high.
They’re less likely to be denatured by changing pH through the GIT
plant enzymes are denatured by HEAT
Plant enzymes are destroyed by MICROWAVING food.
What happens if human enzyme activity goes above 40deg
enzymes stop functioning correctly and start to break down.
At what pH does salivary amylase work best?
pH 7 …… so chew well before swallowing
Describe TWO specific effects of SERAPEPTASE
It’s a powerful anti-inflammatory enzyme, helps
THIN BLOOD and
REMOVE damaged tissue from the body
What does ATP stand for and what’s its role?
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
It’s our energy currency, used to trap energy from when we burn glucose ..
and used to spend energy to fuel metabolic processes.
Which mineral exists in a complex with ATP?
magnesium
ATP lives in a complex with magnesium and it’s vital for releasing energy from ATP
Describe TWO functions of CoQ10?
1) Its an important Co-Factor for our electron transport chain
2) it’s a really vital ANTIOXIDANT
Which stage of cellular respiration occurs in cytosol?
First stage - glycolsyis
Which TWO nutrients are important co-factors for glycolysis?
Magnesium as we have to put some ATP in
B3 as we will use NAD as an energy carrier.
Where does the KREBS cycle occur?
This happens in the mitochondrial MATRIX
Describe TWO potential therapeutic uses of a ketogenic diet.
1) Childhood epilepsy
2) Neurodegenerative diseases e.g. alzeimers , Parkinsons
What molecule is needed to help ferry fatty acids into mitochondria?
Carnitine
Which TWO vitamins are needed for the removal of nitrogen from Amino Acids (AA)?
Vitamin B3 and B6
List TWO herbs that can support mitochondrial function/ health
adaptogenic herbs eg., rhodiola and gynseng or
antioxidant herbs eg., ghinghko and rosemary
‘EXERCISE’
Produce a summary diagram/poster,
Summarise the events that happen in energy production. Include an overview of each stage and where they happen in the cell.
Note on your diagram, what nutrient is needed for each stage and where oxygen is required.
So it’s what’s involved in converting glucose into energy that the body can use.
End of lecture task for us.
