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GIT module > L4 biochem > Flashcards

L4 biochem Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

is there any digestion protein in mouth ?

A

no

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2
Q

what are the substances that important for digestion of protein inside the stomach ?

A

-gastric HCl
-pepsin
-rennin

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3
Q

describe functions of gastric HCl ?

A

-it denatures dietary protein (unfolding)/ exposure of peptide bond to digestive enzyme
-activation of pepsinogen to pepsin

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4
Q

pepsin will act at what pH

A

2

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5
Q

What substance which stimulate pepsin activation from pepsinogen

A

-HCl
-auto activation by pepsin

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6
Q

rennin act at what pH

A

4-5

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7
Q

it is endopeptidase
it is only secreted in infant and and child age

A

rennin

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8
Q

what are the function of rennin

A

-digest milk protein in infant
-make milk clot to prevent rapid passage so that allow better digestion and absorption

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9
Q

what happened during digestion

A

large polypeptides from stomach will be further cleaved into oligopeptides and amino acid by pancreatic protease

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10
Q

release of pancreatic protease is mediated by

A

cholecystokinin
secretin

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11
Q

list 2 types of pancreatic protease

A

-endopeptidase
-exopeptidase :
1. carboxypeptidase
2. aminopeptidase

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12
Q

list 5 types of pancreatic proteases

A
  1. trypsin
  2. chemotrypsin
  3. elastase
  4. collagenase
  5. carboxypeptidase
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13
Q

it is the only pancreatic protease which exopeptidase

A

carboxypeptidase

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14
Q

trypsin is activated by

A
  • intestinal enteropeptidase (enterokinase)
  • auto activation by trypsin
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15
Q

trypsin act at what pH

A

8

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16
Q

what are the function of trypsin

A

-acts on peptide bond formed by basic amino acid into polypeptide
-activation of other enzymes as chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase

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17
Q

enumerate enzymes which activated by trypsin

A

chemotrypsinogen
pro-elastase
pro-collagenase
pro-carboxypeptidase

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18
Q

mention 2 or 3 intestinal enzymes

A

aminopeptidase
tripeptidase
dipeptidase

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19
Q

what are the end product of protein digestion

Study These Flashcards
A

mixture of amino acid, tripeptides and dipeptides

20
Q

describe 3 hormones that help protein digestion

Study These Flashcards
A

gastrin hormone
cholecystokinin
secretin

21
Q

what is action of gastrin hormone

Study These Flashcards
A

secretion of pepsinogen and intrinsic factor

22
Q

what is the function of cholecystokinin

Study These Flashcards
A

secretion of pancreatic enzymes

23
Q

what is the action of secretin

Study These Flashcards
A

secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate

24
Q

they are secreted by duodenum and jejunum

Study These Flashcards
A

cholecystokinin
secretin

25
what are the abnormalities in protein digestion
1. deficiency in pancreatic secretion 2. in acute pancreatitis
26
where is the site of protein absorption
jejunum and ileum
27
mention 2 mechanism of protein
sodium dependent active transport glutathione transport system
28
describe sodium dependent active transport
-it is main mechanism for AA absorption -AA has specific carrier, each carrier has specific site for AA and other site for sodium -it requires ATP -after absorption AA go to portal circulation by facililated diffusion and sodium detached by exchange with potassium via NaK pump
29
list 5 types of sodium dependent carrier protein
-carrier for small neutral AA -carrier for large neutral AA -carrier for basic AA -carrier for acidic AA -carrier for imino acid
30
glutathione transport system is used for transportation of
neutral amino acid
31
what are the elements needed for glutathione transport system
glutathione gamma glutamyl transferase ATP
32
explain steps of glutathione transport system (regenerate glutathione)
1. glutathione binds to AA form gamma glutamyl-AA and cysteinyl-glycine (by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with the presence of Na) 2. gamma glutamyl AA is cleaved into free AA and 5-oxoproline 3. 5-oxoproline-> glutamate (by 5-oxoprolinase and ATP) 4. cysteinyl-glycine is cleaved into cysteine and glycine 5. glutamate + cysteine -> gamma glutamyl cysteine 6. gamma glutamyl cysteine + glycine-> glutathione
33
glutathione transport system requires how many ATP
3 ATP
34
what are the functions of glutathione transport system
-transport of AA -synthesis of glutathione
35
what are the clinical importance of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)
provide sensitive index of liver abnormality because it is microsomal enzyme from hepatobiliary system
36
GGT increase in blood in case of
cholestases chronic alcoholism
37
list absorption of intact proteins that dont need digestion
-Ig of colostrum (provide passive immunity to the infant) -vaccine (undigested polypeptide)
38
enumerate disorder associated with defects in AA transport
1. hartnup disease 2. cystinuria 3. celiac disease
39
it is inherited autosomal recessive disease. due to deficiency of transport system of large neutral AA like tryptophan.
hartnup disease
40
what are the clinical manifestation and diagnosis of hartnup disease
-dermatitis (pellagra like skin rash due to deficiency of niacin) -cerebral ataxia -mental retardation dignosis: - aminoaciduria -increased excretion of indol (tryptophan) in urine
41
it is most common inherited genetic disorder. defect in the carrier system of COAL AA
cystinuria
42
what are the COAL amino acids
cystine ornithine arginine lysine
43
enumerate clinical manifestation and diagnosis of cystinuria
-formation of calculi in urinary tract -obstruction -infection -renal insufficiency diagnosis: amino acid appear in urine
44
what is treatment of cystinuria
oral hydration
45
what is cause of celiac disease
sensitivity to gluten protein in wheat and barley lead to immune mediated damage the wall of small intestine (sympstoms : malabsorption)

GIT module (2 decks)

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