L4 Characteristics and Evolution of Animal Bodies

Question 1

Heterotrophic

Answer 1

Organisms that obtain energy from consuming others.

Question 2

Multicellular

Answer 2

Organisms composed of multiple cells.

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

Organisms with complex cells containing a nucleus.

Question 4

Metazoans

Answer 4

Multicellular animals forming a single clade.

Question 5

Ediacaran Period

Answer 5

570-539 million years ago; early multicellular life.

Question 6

Cambrian Explosion

Answer 6

Rapid diversification of animal life around 540 million years ago.

Question 7

Trilobite

Answer 7

Extinct marine arthropod from the Lower Devonian.

Question 8

Priapulids

Answer 8

Small phylum known for ancient burrows.

Question 9

Segmental Specialization

Answer 9

Variation in function among body segments.

Question 10

Metamerism

Answer 10

Body structure formed of repeated segments.

Question 11

Tagmosis

Answer 11

Fusion of body segments into functional units.

Question 12

Coelom

Answer 12

Internal cavity in most bilaterian animals.

Question 13

Protostomes

Answer 13

Blastopore develops into the mouth during embryogenesis.

Question 14

Deuterostomes

Answer 14

Blastopore develops into the anus during embryogenesis.

Question 15

Embryogenesis

Answer 15

Development process from fertilization to gastrulation.

Question 16

Symmetry Types

Answer 16

Asymmetric, radially symmetric, bilaterally symmetric.

Question 17

Model Organisms

Answer 17

Species commonly used for biological research.

Question 18

Caenorhabditis elegans

Answer 18

Model organism with a known cell lineage.

Question 19

Homeotic Genes

Answer 19

Genes that determine segment identity in organisms.

Question 20

Hox Genes

Answer 20

Genes controlling body plan development in animals.

Question 21

Drosophila

Answer 21

Model organism for studying genetics and development.

Question 22

Collinearity

Answer 22

Order of genes along chromosomes matches expression domains.

Question 23

Eye Development Genes

Answer 23

Genes inducing eye formation in Drosophila and mice.

Question 24

Nematoda

Answer 24

Phylum including roundworms, with over 1 billion cases.

Question 25

Arthropoda

Answer 25

Phylum including insects, crustaceans, and arachnids.

Question 26

Chordata

Answer 26

Phylum including vertebrates and related organisms.

Question 27

Gastrulation

Answer 27

Early embryonic stage where cell layers form.

Question 28

Ediacaran Animals

Answer 28

Early multicellular life forms, not assigned to living phyla.

Question 29

Fuxianhuia

Answer 29

Cambrian arthropod with complex brain structure.

Question 30

Segmental Identity

Answer 30

Specific characteristics assigned to body segments.