L4 - Chemistry - Chemical Bonding

Question 1

6 Nobel gases

Answer 1

Helium
Neon
Argon - inert
Krypton - used in higher power lightbulbs, emits a green/yellow light when electricity is passed through
Xenon
Radon - radioactive

Question 2

Properties of Nobel gases

Answer 2

• have 8 electron sin their outer energy level (valence shell)
• have filled s and p orbitals
• very stable and the most unreactive / inert of all the elements
• monatomic (most other gases are diatomic)
• don’t normally form bonds with other elements
• don’t need to gain, lose or share electrons
• follow Lewis Octet rule

Question 3

Valence shell

Answer 3

• the outermost, occupied shell of an atom
• the highest principle quantum number
• electrons in valence shell most likely to participate in bonding

Question 4

Ionic bond definition

Answer 4

The electrostatic attraction that forms between oppositely charged ions

Question 5

Covalent bond definition

Answer 5

Shared pair of electrons between atoms

Question 6

Ionic bonding

Answer 6

• lose or gain electrons

Cations = positive ions
generally s & d block elements (ie. metals)

Anions = negative ions
generally p block elements (ie.non metals)

Question 7

Electronegativity definition

Answer 7

The power of a atom in a molecule to attract electrons towards itself
An atom with high electronegativity pulls electrons more strongly towards itself

Question 8

Factors meaning an atom has a higher electronegativity

Answer 8

• Higher nuclear charge
• Small atomic radius
• Low amount of shielding

Question 9

Most electronegative elements

Answer 9

N
O
Cl
F

Question 10

Bond likely to be ionic

Answer 10

If difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7

Question 11

Bond likely to be covalent

Answer 11

If difference in electronegativity is less than 1.7

Question 12

Dative covalent bond

Answer 12

lone pairs shared with ions