l4- endocrine system

Question 1

function of endocrine system

Answer 1

• control vital functions in the body
• slower than NS, more widespread + powerful effect
• produces hormones

Question 2

hormones

Answer 2

• released into bloodstream
• affect any cell with receptor for hormone
• most affect cells in several organs

Question 3

thyroid

Answer 3

• thyroxine

- Regulates the body’s metabolic rate and protein synthesis

Question 4

adrenal medulla

Answer 4

• adrenaline + noradrenaline
• Fight or flight response, increase. Increased heart rate and blood flow to the brain and muscles, release of stored glucose and fats for use in fight or flight responses

Question 5

adrenal cortex

Answer 5

• Glucocorticoids, such as cortisone, cortisol and corticosterone- Further release of stored glucose and fats for energy expenditure. Suppression of the immune system and the inflammatory response
• Mineralocorticoids- regulate the water balance of the body through water and sodium reabsorption in the kidney

Question 6

testes

Answer 6

• Androgens mainly testosterone

- Development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. Promotes muscle mass and muscle growth

Question 7

Ovaries

Answer 7

• Oestrogens mainly oestradiol

- Regulation of female reproductive system, menstrual cycle and pregnancy

Question 8

Pineal gland

Answer 8

• Melatonin

- Regulation of arousal, biological rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle.

Question 9

Master endocrine gland

Answer 9

• pituitary gland (in brain)
• controls release of hormones from all the other endocrine glands in the body.

-Has an anterior and a posterior lobe – distinguished by the hormones they release

Question 10

Anterior lobe + Posterior lobe

Answer 10

• Anterior- ACTH- stimulating release of glucocorticoids+ key component in stress resonse, TSH, growth hormone, MSH
• Posterior- oxytocin which is crucial for infant/mother bonding +Important in promoting uterine contractions in childbirth and lactation after birth,