L4: Lipids

Question 1

What elements are lipids composed of?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes phosphorus

Question 2

Are lipids generally polar or non-polar?

Answer 2

Non-polar

Question 3

Are lipids generally soluble in water?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Are lipids generally soluble in non-polar solvents?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Can lipids be polymers?

Answer 5

No - they are not formed from monomers

Question 6

Why do lipids group together in water?

Answer 6

Hydrophobic interactions

Question 7

Triglyceride is a lipid formed from what subunits?

Answer 7

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 8

Triglycerides are formed by what kind of reaction?

Answer 8

Dehydration synthesis

Question 9

Triglycerides are broken down by what kind of reaction?

Answer 9

Hydrolysis

Question 10

Which enzymes assists the digestion of triglycerides?

Answer 10

Lipase

Question 11

Is palmitate saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 11

Saturated (no C=C bonds)

Question 12

Is Oleate saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 12

Unsaturated (contains C=C bonds)

Question 13

What causes the bend in the structure of oleate?

Answer 13

C=C bond

Question 14

Which fatty acids form liquids at room temperature, saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 14

Unsaturated

Question 15

What is the structural difference between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

Answer 15

The location of the first carbon-carbon double bond. In omega-3, it is between carbon #3 and 4; in omega-6, it is between carbon #6 and 7

Question 16

Which fatty acids form solids at room temperature, saturated or unsaturated?

Answer 16

Saturated

Question 17

What basic structure characterises steroids?

Answer 17

Four fused carbon rings

Question 18

What is the most basic steroid?

Answer 18

Lanosterol

Question 19

Lanosterol is formed by cyclisation of which molecule?

Answer 19

Squalene

Question 20

Testosterone, progesterone, and oestrogen are examples of what kind of steroid?

Answer 20

Sex hormones

Question 21

Aldosterone and cortisol are examples of what kind of steroid?

Answer 21

Corticosteroids

Question 22

True or false: cholesterol is a type of steroid

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is a phospholipid?

Answer 23

A lipid with a phosphate group in the place of a fatty acid

Question 24

Which part of the phospholipid is polar? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

Answer 24

Phosphate group

Question 25

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

Answer 25

Fatty acid groups

Question 26

Give an example of a secosteroid

Answer 26

Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

Question 27

What condition develops from a deficiency in Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)

Answer 27

Osteoporosis/Rickett's

Question 28

Which part of the phospholipid forms the tail? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

Answer 28

Fatty acid groups

Question 29

Which part of the phospholipid is soluble in water? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

Answer 29

Phosphate group

Question 30

Which part of the phospholipid forms the head? The phosphate group or the fatty acid groups?

Answer 30

Phosphate group

Question 31

What is a glycolipid?

Answer 31

A lipid attached to an oligosaccharide

Question 32

What forms the blood markers that determine one's blood group?

Answer 32

Glycolipids

Question 33

What is a lipoprotein?

Answer 33

Lipid attached to a protein

Question 34

Where are soluble compounds that transport lipids usually formed?

Answer 34

Liver

Question 35

Put the following in order of size (largest first): ``` Chylomicron HDL LDL VLDL IDL ```

Answer 35

``` Chylomicron VLDL IDL LDL HDL ```

Question 36

Put the following in order of density (most dense first): ``` Chylomicron HDL LDL VLDL IDL ```

Answer 36

``` HDL LDL IDL VLDL Chylomicron ```

Question 37

Put the following in order of triglyceride content (highest TG content first): ``` Chylomicron HDL LDL VLDL IDL ```

Answer 37

``` Chylomicron VLDL IDL LDL HDL ```

Question 38

Which lipoprotein carries "good cholesterol", HDL or LDL?

Answer 38

HDL

Question 39

What are the are the 4 stages of thrombosis?

Answer 39

1. Atheroma 2. Cap/scar 3. Stress 4. Thrombosis

Question 40

What is the ideal amount of total cholesterol in your body? A) >60 mg/dL B) <100 mg/dL C) <150 mg/dL D) <200 mg/dL

Answer 40

D) <200mg/dL

Question 41

What is the ideal amount of triglycerides in your blood? A) >60 mg/dL B) <100 mg/dL C) <150 mg/dL D) <200 mg/dL

Answer 41

C) <150 mg/dL

Question 42

What is the ideal amount of HDL in your blood? A) >60 mg/dL B) <100 mg/dL C) <150 mg/dL D) <200 mg/dL

Answer 42

A) >60 mg/dL

Question 43

What is the ideal amount of LDL in your blood? A) >60 mg/dL B) <100 mg/dL C) <150 mg/dL D) <200 mg/dL

Answer 43

B) <100 mg/dL

Question 44

Where are triglycerides stored?

Answer 44

As droplets in the cytoplasm of adipose cells

Question 45

What is myelin?

Answer 45

Insulation around nerve fibres

Question 46

Where is myelin produced?

Answer 46

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes

Question 47

At which three abdominal locations can you find adipose tissue?

Answer 47

Subcutaneous, visceral, retroperitoneal

Question 48

What is a panniculus?

Answer 48

Dense layer of fat that hangs down from the abdomen.