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LAM II - Test 1 > L4 - Omasal/Abomasal Disorders > Flashcards

L4 - Omasal/Abomasal Disorders Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the omasum located?

A

R of the median plan and opposing the 7th and 11th ribs

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2
Q

The omasum provides large surface area for the absorption of _____.

A
  • Volatile fatty acids
  • Electrolytes
  • Water
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3
Q

What role does the omasum have in regards to feed particles?

A

It reduces them

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4
Q

Omasal impaction is a _____ disorder.

primary/secondary

A

Primary

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5
Q

TRUE/FALSE

The omasum is typically never involved with other fore stomach primary diseases.

A

FALSE.

It can be secondarily involved

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6
Q

What is the cause of omasal impaction?

A
  • Feeding rough fibrous feed during droughts

- Feeding machine-made wheat

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7
Q

What are the CS of omasal impaction?

A
  • Anorexia
  • Dehydration
  • Abdominal distention
  • Ruminal Hypomotility
  • No palpable abnormalities of intestines
  • Empty rectum (no feces)
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8
Q

How is omasal impaction usually diagnosed?

A

Found on exploratory rumenotomy

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9
Q

What are the treatment options for omasal impaction?

A
  • Fluid therapy
  • Supportive care
  • Change diet
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10
Q

What is the role of the abomasum?

A

Glandular organ

Secretes HCl acids and enzymes

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11
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Age is an important risk factor for abomasal ulcers (i.e. young > adult)

A

FALSE
it can affect cattle of all ages
-Periparturient cows, dairy calves, pre-weaned beef calves

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12
Q

What kind of stress factors may lead to abomasa ulcers?

A
  • Higher stocking rate

- Parturition → retained fetal membranes, mastitis, metritis, hypocalcemia

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13
Q

What organisms are thought to play a role in abomasa ulcers?

A
  • Clostridium
  • Campylobacter
  • Streptococci
  • Fungi
  • C. Perfringens type A
  • Not really H. pylori
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14
Q

What are the types of abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Non Perforating ulcers → types I & II

- Perforating ulcers → types III & IV

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15
Q

What are the types of Non-peforating abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Type I: Non-bleeding ulcers

- Type II: Major bleeding

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16
Q

What are the types of perforating ulcers?

A
  • Type III: local peritonitis

- Type IV: diffuse peritonitis

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17
Q

Type ____ abomasal ulcers are associated with periparturient period, LDAs, coliform mastitis, and metritis.

A

Type I

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18
Q

What are the CS of Type I abomasal ulcers?

A
  • Not severely affected → ↓ feed intake, ↓ milk production

- Darkened, soft to fluid feces, minimal anemia

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19
Q

How are type I abomasal ulcers diagnosed?

Study These Flashcards
A

Only at necropsy

20
Q

Type ____ abomasal ulcers are associated with black tarry feces and anemia.

21
Q

What are the CS of type II abomasal ulcers?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Black tarry feces
  • Anemia
  • Sharp decline in milk production, depression, +/- appetite
  • Rumen motility depressed (strength and rate)
22
Q

How are type II abomasal ulcers diagnosed?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • profouNd anemia (PCV <15%)

- Guaiac fecal occult blood test → detects 75 mL blood loss/day

23
Q

Type ___ abomasal ulcers are associated with lymphosarcoma.

What is seen because of this?

Study These Flashcards
A

Type II

  • more gradual blood loss
  • Detetable weight loss
  • may have enlarged LN
24
Q

TRUE/FALSE

Type II abomasal ulcers can affect cows >5yrs at any stage of gestation and lactation.

25
What are the treatment for Type I and II abomasal ulcers?
- Correct concurrent disease - Reduce stress - Correct dietary problems - Severe anemia → restore blood volume - IV fluids - Whole blood → min 5 L recommended - Not surgery - Acidity modifiers (Ranitidine IV)
26
TRUE/FALSE A cow comes in with a Type II abomasal ulcer and needs a blood transfusion. The donor can donate up to 8 L of blood and must be cross matched.
FALSE | The healthy donor can donate up to 8L but no cross matching is needed.
27
TRUE/FALSE | Oral medications are effective in ruminants.
FALSE | meloxicam is one of the only things you can give orally to ruminants.
28
Type ____ abomasal ulcers are associated with early postpartum. What does it resemble?
Type III | -Resembles TRP → moderate febrile, anorectic, acute ↓ in milk
29
TRUE/FALSE | Type IV abomasal ulcers are medical emergencies.
TRUE
30
What are the CS associated with perforating abomasal ulcers?
- Tachycardia (>120/min) - complete rumen stasis - severe dehydration - recumbency with cold extremities
31
How are perforating abomasal ulcers diagnosed?
-Abdominocentesis → toxic changes in cells + intracellular bacteria
32
What clinicopathological changes are seen with Type III abomasal ulcers?
- Neutrophilic leukocytosis and hyperproteinemia - Hyperglobulinemia - Hyperfibrinogenemia
33
What clinicopathological changes are seen with Type IV abomasal ulcers?
- Severe neutropenia - Severe hemoconcentration (>40%) - Hypoproteinemia
34
What is the treatment for for perforating ulcers?
- Broad spectrum antibiotics | - Restricted exercise (allows firm adhesion to develop)
35
Displaced abomasum occurs mostly on the ____ side.
Left
36
Describe a Left displaced abomasum
180˚ torsion WITHOUT volvulus Rotation along its long axis ventral to the left of the rumen little/no outflow obstruction occurs
37
Describe a Right displaced abomasum
180˚ torsion +/- volvulus Rotation about the mesenteric axis outflow obstruction and schema if gastric arteries or veins obstructed
38
What are the predisposing factors for displaced abomasum
- Genetics (females> males) - 4-7 y/o dairy cows → 2 weeks lactation - Periparturient disease - Hypocalcemia - Ketosis fatty - Ineffective fiber - Metritis - Mastitis - Dystocia - Liver disease
39
What are the prognoses of the different abomasal ulcers?
I-III: Fair unless associated with lymphosarcoma | IV: GRAVE
40
What test predicts for LDAs?
BHB
41
How is Displaced abomasum diagnosed?
- Ping & auscultation - Abdominal Ultrasound - Definitive diagnosis: abdominal exploratory - Liptack test
42
What happens if you hear a ping on the right? | A Ping on the Left?
Right: Gas within spiral colon or cecum Left: rumen gas
43
What do you after you obtain a ping on the left side, indicating LDA?
Liptack test
44
What is the Liptack test?
- Performed to diagnose displaced abomasum. - Centesis of the area below the gas ping "abomasum" - Fluid pH <4.5 = abomasum - Burnt almond odor of gas
45
What are the medical treatments for displaced abomasum?
- Usually in combination with surgical correction | - Correct underlying cause
46
How is displaced abomasum surgically corrected?
- Roll and toggle - Right flank omentopexy (most common) - Right flank omentoabomasopexy - Left flank abomasopexy - Right paramedian abomasopexy - Laparoscopic abomasopexy

LAM II - Test 1 (6 decks)

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