L5-L9 Flashcards by EURICA MAE MARTINEZ

THERE IS A PLACE FOR EVERYTHING AND EVERYTHING IS IN PLACE; IT IS EVERYBODY’S BUSINESS TO OBSERVE IN THE WORKPLACE.

HOUSEKEEPING

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Why is housekeeping important

Lessens accidents, injuries, and illnesses
Improves productivity
Minimizes direct and indirect cost

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Sustain
Sort
Set in Order
Shine
Standardize

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First evidence of a deteriorating safety and health program

Deteriorating Housekeeping

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RULE 1060

Premises of Establishment

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Seiri (English Version)

Sort

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Seiton (English Version)

Systemize/Set in Order

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Seiso (English Version

Sweep/Shine

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Seiketsu (English Version)

Standardize

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Shitsuke (English Version)

Self-discipline/Sustain

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Why Implement 5S

Safety
Quality Improvement
Efficiency
Productivity Improvement

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Phrase for Seiri

Take out unnecessary items and dispose;2

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Phrase for Seiton

Arrange necessary items in good use;4

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Phrase for Seiso

Clean your workplace

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Phrase for Seiketsu

Maintain high standard of housekeeping

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How many steps in Seiton

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Phrase for Shitsuke

Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered.

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How is 5S Implemented?

Training
Committees
Planning
Self-diagnosis and objective setting
Monitoring
Evaluation

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Movement of materials through the use of appropriate handling equipment and men.

Material Handling

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Types of Material Handling Accidents

Physical Strain/Over-exertion
Falling Load
Collision
Hits, cuts, blows
People Falling

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Classifications of Material Handling

Manual Handling
Mechanical Handling

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Using own physical strength

Manual Handling

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Mistakes that causes Injuries

Bending Back
Twisting with Load
Reaching too far
Load too heavy
Failure to use PPE

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MSDS Section 4

First Aid

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MSDS Section 5

Fire Fighting Measures

MSDS Section 6

Accidental Release Measure

MSDS Section 7

Handling and Storage

8 Steps in Proper Lifting Technique

Position the load close to the body Firm grip on the load Feet apart and bend knees Look forward to keep back straight Use leg muscle power Smooth, controlled movements Turn feet in the direction of the movement and do not twist

Powered and non-powered mechanics

Mechanical Handling

Examples of Non-power driven mechanics

Hand truck Hand pallet Wheelbarrow cart drum tilter trolley pulley

Examples of Power Driven Mechanics

Crane Motorized hand pallet Forklift Conveyor Tow truck Power driven hoists Elevators and dumbwaiters

Mechanical Handling General Requirements

Operators are authorized Operators undergo skill training Handlers and operators are trained in safety and health Equipments are regularly inspected and maintaned.

Principle of Material Storage

Safety Accessibility Orderliness

6 Material Storage General Requirements

At least two exits Properly illuminated and ventilated Identified and labeled Restricted access Smooth flow of materials Should not obstruct emergency equipment

Material Handling and Storage Safety Program (6)

Inspection, maintenance, testing Authorization of mechanical handling equipment operators Safety training of personnel Labeling and compilation of MSDS and Chemicals Compliance to the provisions of OSHS Rule 1150 Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan

Rule 1150

Material Handling and Storage (note: study the general provision of rule 1150)

What label contains: Fire, Reactivity, Health, and Specific Hazard

NFPA 704M Label

In the NFPA 704M Label, what is the hazard with a white color?

Special/Specific Hazard

In the NFPA 704M Label, what is the hazard with a yellow color?

Reactivity

In the NFPA 704M Label, what is the hazard with a blue color?

Health

Principle of keeping fuel source and ignition sources separate.

Fire Safety

Rule 1940

Fire Protection and Control

Time duration that a material shall withstand a standard fire exposure test.

Fire rating

Minimum temperature in degrees at which material will give off flammable vapor.

Flash point

Wooden frame-work forms for structural support

Wood-frame construction

Construction consisting substantial masonry walls and heavy timber interior.

Slow-burning construction

Materials designed to withstand, without collapse during burning for a specified time.

Fire-resistant Construction

Two classtification of Fire Losses

Personal Loss Property Loss

Types of Personal Loss

Fatal (burns, stampede, asphyxiation) Non-fatal (burns)

Types of Property Loss

Direct (destruction and damage) Indirect (loss of job, business failure)

Chemical union of fuel, heat, and oxygen produced in proper portions.

Fire

Part of Fire triangle that is present in our surrounding

Oxygen

Part of Fire triangle which describes the temperature point at which fuel can be ignited.

Heat

How much percent of Oxygen does fires use?

16%

Sources of Heat

Chemical Heat Energy Electrical Heat Energy Mechanical Heat Energy

Physical Features of Fuel and give examples

Solid (paper, wood, rubber) Liquid (Gasoline, alcohol, thinner) Gas (propane, natural gas, hydrogen)

Flashpoint of Flammable Material

below 37.8 degree Celsius

Flashpoint of Combustible Material

above 37.8 degree Celsius

Which is more dangerous, Flammable or Combustible?

Flammable

Classification of fire that uses non-metal solid combustible materials as fuel (e.g. paper, wood, cloth, plastic)

Class A

Classification of fire that uses non-metal flammable liquids/gases as fuel (e.g. gasoline, oil, grease, acetone)

Class B

Classification of fire that is caused by a plugged-in electrical equipment

Class C

Classification of fire that is caused by metals (e.g. potassium, aluminum, sodium)

Class D

Classification of fire caused by cooking oils and greases

Class K

4 Ways of Heat Transfer

Conduction Convection Radiation Direct flame contact

fire transfer through soild medium

conduction

fire transfer through liquid/gas medium

convection

fire transfer through no medium

radiation

Common Fire Extinguishers in the Philippines

Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher Dry Chemical Extinguisher

Physical Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher

No gauge, hard horn

What classification of fire should CO2 Extinguisher be used?

Class B & C fires

Extinguisher filled with non-flammable carbon dioxide gas under extreme pressure.

Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher

Fine yellow powder in Dry Chemical Extinguisher

mono ammonium phosphate

How does Dry Chemical Extinguisher extinguish the fire?

By coating the fuel with a thin layer of dust, separating the fuel from the oxygen.

How to use Fire Extinguisher?

P- pull the pin A- aim the nozzle at the base of the fire S- squeeze the lever S-swipe side to side

Two ways in addressing Fire

Prevention Preparation

5 Steps on what to do during a fire

1. Activate Fire Alarm 2. Call nearest fire station 3.Extinguish fire 4. If encountering smoke, crawl low and cover nose and mouth 5. Evacuation area for head count

Flow of moving electrons

Electricity/electrical current

classifications of electrical accident

direct and indirect

types of direct electrical accident

electric shock electric burn fatal electrocution

types of indirect electrical accident

fall fire

7 Causes of Electrical Accident

Contact with live circuit Short circuit Arc flashes Overloading Non-usage of standard replacement Wet environment Improper Attitude Contact with overhead equipment Contact with live conductor not following LOTO Procedure Poorly maintaned extension cords Defective power tool

when a portion of a circuit inadvertently becomes contacted with another portion of the circuit causing improper operation

short circuit

when electric current flows through an air gap between conductors

arc flashes

when too much current pass through electric wires

overloading

Characteristics of Electricity

Current Voltage Resistance

the potential to do work

voltage

any condition which retards flow

resistance

movement of electric charge

current

low voltage

24 to 600 volts

safety low voltage

below 24 volts

high voltage

601 volts above

TRUE OR FALSE. Low voltage means low hazard.

FALSE

Any material that offers little resistance to the flow of an electric current.

Conductor

Prevent current from taking unwanted paths and very poor conductor.

Insulator

Severity of Shock

Path of current Amount of current Duration of current

TRUE OR FALSE. It is the current and not the voltage that can cause electrocution.

TRUE

0.4 ma in the body

no sensation

1.1 ma in the body

slight tingling sensation

1.8 ma in the body

shock

16 ma in the body

painful shock

above 23 ma in the body

severe injuries and possible death

loss of muscle control that causes victims to hold on to the source

lock on

resistance of most materials

10 to 50 ohms

resistance of wet wood

1,000 ohms

resistance of dry wood

100,000,000 ohms

resistance of rubber

1 x 10^14 ohms

resistance of dry skin

100,000 to 600,000 ohms

resistance of wet skin

1,000 ohmsre

resistance hand to foot

400 to 600 ohms

resistance ear to ear

about 100 ohms

6 Controls of Electrical Hazard

Insulation GFCI Proper use of extension cords LOTO System Regular Inspection and Maintenance Use of Portable Electric Tools Safeguards for personnel protection

what is the meaning of GFCI

ground-fault circuit interrupter

fast-acting circuit breaker which senses imbalances in the circuit caused by current leakage to ground and shuts off electricity

gfci

- Stay away from wet areas, sharp objects and oil - Check cords periodically for nicks and cuts - Always use the correct wire gauge and cord length for its intended use

Proper use of extension cords

standard for conttol of hazardous energy sources which covers maintenance of machines

LOTO System

A device that utilizes a positive means such as a lock to hold an energy isolating device in the safe position and prevents the energizing of a equipment

Lockout device

A warning device, such as a tag and a means of attachement

Tagout device

TRUE OR FALSE. The frequency of inspections and any necessary testing will depend on the type of equipment, how often it is used, and the environment in which it is used.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE. Flexible electric cords may be used for raising or lowering the equipment.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE. Flexible cords may not be fastened with staples or otherwise in such a fashion as could damage the outer jacket or insulation.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE. Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards may or may not wear electrical protective equipment.

FALSE

Alerting techniques to warn and protect employees from hazards which could cause injury due to electric shock, burns, or failure of electric equipment parts

Safety signs Barricades Attendants

TRUE OR FALSE. Every [electrical] line should be assumed energized.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE. You may work on electrical lines alone.

FALSE

PEC

Philippine Electrical Code

TRUE OR FALSE. Everyone is allowed to work on electrical jobs

FALSE

- Turn off electrical power source - Apply CPR if necessary - Always use fire extinguisher in case of fire - Find help as quickly as possible

What to do In cases of Electrical Accident

Any physical material or equipment that is placed between the employee and workplace hazards to reduce injury potential of the hazard

Personal Protective Equipment

5 Hierarchy of Controls

Elimination Substitution Engineering Controls Administrative Controls PPE

- Prevention of Exposure - Minimizing the Risk should an exposure occur - Compliment existing controls

Benefits of PPE

- Only protects the individual wearing it - Compromise mobility, visibility, and communication - Hazard still exists - May introduce another hazard - Not for continuous use - Defective PPE offers no protection - Only effective if correctly selected, fitted, used and cared for, and the individual is trained

Limitations of PPE

When to use PPE?

Where hazards cannot be sufficiently abated or removed

Whose responsibilities are these? * Provide PPE and training for personnel * Post areas requiring PPE with signs * Ensure full compliance of responsibilities of employees, set forth in the safety program and/or policies.

Management

Whose responsibilities are these? * Ensure that appropriate PPE is available to employees * Ensure PPE is properly used

Supervisor

Whose responsibilities are these? * Use PPE in accordance with instructions and training received * Guard against damage to PPE * Care for their PPE properly * Report PPE malfunctions or problems to supervisory personnel * Follow safe work practices while working with hazardous materials and wastes

Employees

Safety Glasses Goggles Face Shields Hard Hats Hoods Sleeves Boots Shoes Respirator Coverall Gloves

Types of PPE

Rule 1080

Personal Protective Equipment & Devices

Part of a hard hat that includes headband and straps which absorbs and distributes the force of impact

Suspension System

Part of a hard hat that protects the head from sharp objects which also absorbs part of the force of impact since it is somewhat flexible.

Hard outer shell

Part of a hard hat that secure the hard hat to the wearer's head

Chin Strap

Part of a hard hat that redirects the direction of the falling object.

Brim

Absorbs the shock of the blow Resist penetration Good insulator against electrical hazard Ability for low water absorption Slow flammability rate of the shell

Characteristics of a Good Hat

Class of safety helmet defined as general service, limited voltage protection

Class G

Class of safety helmet defined as utility service, high voltage protection

Class E

Class of safety helmet defined as special service, no voltage protection

Class C

Insulation Resistance of Class G Hard Hat

2200 V, 60 Hz for 1 min. 3 mA max leakage

Insulation Resistance of Class E Hard Hat

20,000 V, 60 Hz for 3 mimn. 9 mA max leakage

Which class/classes has a burn rate if 3 in/min max? *Class G *Class E *Class C

Class G and Class E

Meaning of ANSI

American National Standards Institute

1. Never alter or modify the hard hat shell/suspension 2. Drilling holes in hard hat 3. Never carry or wear anything inside your hard hat 4. Never use solvents or cleaner on a helmet 5. Keep the helmet out of the sun

Warnings and Precautions on Hard Hat

TRUE OR FALSE.The correct way to clean the hard hat is with mild soap and clean, warm water, and let it air dry.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE. If a hard hat has been struck on the top from the side, the hard hat can still be used and no need to replace.

FALSE

How many number of years do most PPE program trade-out hard hats?

5 years

What is the typical life of a hard hat under normal working conditions according to most safety programs?

2 years

Safety Spectacles Eye Goggles Face Shields

Eye and Face Protection (ANSI Z87.1-1989)

TRUE OR FALSE. According to National Safety Council, as a general rule, face shields can be worn without suitable basic eye protection.

FALSE

Be reasonably comfortable to use Fit snuglym not interfere with movements of user Durable, easily cleaned capable for being disinfected Be kept clean and in good condition Be of approved type

Eye and Face Protection Minimum Requirements (ANSI Z 87.1-1968)

- Temperature extremes - Chemical exposures and splashes - Sharp objects - Fire - Abrasive Materials - Live electrical conductor

Common hand and arm materials

burns bruises abrasions blister laceration/cuts punctures fractures amputation electrocution

hand and arm injuries

permanent loss of vision temporary loss of vision inflamed eyes skin burns lacerations fracture broken teeth

effects of occupational eye and face hazards

TRUE OR FALSE. There is no ANSI standards for gloves.

TRUE

anything that can be worn to reduce the level of sound entering the ear

hearing protection device

when should you wear a hearing protection device?

90 decibles or greater for an 8-hour period

What do you call this rule? "If two people (with no hearing impairment) have to raise their voices or shout to be heard in a distance of less than an arm's length from each other, the sound level is potentialy hazardous"

Arm's Length Rule

Acids/mists solvents/vapors gases/ smoke dusts/ particulates heavy metals/ fumes

Hazards that require respiratory protection

Respiratory protection is covered extensively in a specific standard

ANSI Z88.2-1059

Backup system planned for a worker who could loose his or her balance at height, in order to control or eliminate potential injury.

Fall Protection

- Anchorages - Horizontal lifeline - Verical lifeline - body harness

Components of a personal fall arrest system

TRUE OR FALSE. Safety belt is safer than a harness.

FALSE

TRUE OR FALSE. PPE shall be complimented with other controls.

TRUE

Prevention of accidents when working with machines

Machine safety

1. An individual making unwanted contact with a moving part 2. Flying from the machine 3. Machine malfunction 4. Workpiece movement during a forming or cutting process 5. Unguarded/ exposed moving parts

Common causes of machine related accidents

Where do mechanical hazards occur?

Power Transmission Point of Operation Other moving parts

All components of the mechanical system that transmit energy to the part of the machine performing work.

Power Transmission apparatus

The point where work is performed on the material.

Point of Operation

Hazardous mechanical motion defined as turning around on an axis/center

Rotating

Hazardous mechanical motion defined as the back and forth movement of a machine part

Reciprocating

Hazardous mechanical motion defined as a continuous straight line motion of a machine element in either directiobs

Traversin

Hazardous mechanical motion which may involve rotating, reciprocating, and transverse motion

Cutting

Hazardous mechanical motion where the danger of this type of action occurs at the point of operation, where stock is inserted, held and withdrawn by hand.

Punching

Hazardous mechanical motion which involves applying power to a slide or knife in order to trim or shear metal

Shearing

Hazardous mechanical motion where power is applied to slide in order to draw stamp metal/materials

Bending

Type of running nip point where parts can rotate in opposite direction while their axes are parallel to each other

Parallel Axes

Type or running nip point where it is created between rotating and tangentially moving parts

Tangential

Type of running nip point such as conveyor, flywheels, abrasive (grinding) wheel

Rotating and Fixed Part

1. Use of machine guard (engineering control) 2. Lock out/ tag out procedure (administrative control) 3. training of workers (administrative control) 4. usage of PPE (PPE)

Protections from Machine Hazards

RULE 1200

Machine Guarding

What rule is this? "All moving parts of prime movers, transition equipment and all dangerous parts of driven machinery shall be effectively guarded, unless so constructed or located to prevent any person or object from coming or brought into contact with them."

Rule 1200: Machine Guarding

Barriers that prevent entry of an individual's hands or other body parts installed to minimize the risk of injury to machine operators

Machine Guards

What category of machine guards are these? * Fixed enclosing guards * Movable guards * Two-hand controls * Adjustable guards

Preventing Access

What category of machine guards are these? * Photoelectric light curtains * Pullback devices * Restraint devices

Preventing Dangerous motions

This type of guard is attached to a fixed surface and encloses the hazard. When in place, it prevents anyone from going over, around, under or through it to the hazard.

Fixed enclosing guards

This type of guard prevents machine motion until the guard is moved into place. The interlocking method may be mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, or a combination of these.

Movable guards with interlocking switches

1. Enclose the point of operation before the machine can be operated. 2. Keep the point of operation enclosed before the hazardous part of the machine motion ceases. 3. Prevent operation of the machine if the interlock fails.

requirements for the interlock guard to be effective

This type of guard are operator controls that require an operator to hold both controls down during the hazardous portion of the machine’s stroke

Two-hand opertator controls

This type of guard can be positioned to accommodate a variety of operations or work and when properly adjusted provides adequate protection from the hazard at the point of operation.

Adjustable Guard

This type of guard provides a barrier which moves according to the size of the stock entering the danger area.

Self-adjusting guard

Any mechanical or electrical devices designed to protect a worker’s hands or other body parts from coming into contact with a hazardous motion of a machine.

Safety Device

A safety device which is designed, constructed, and arranged to create a sensing field, area, or plane that will detect in its field the presence of an opaque object.

Presence sensing device

These devices emit a “curtain” of harmless infrared light beams in front of the hazard area.

Photo Electric Light Curtain

are cable and wristlet systems that attach to an operator’s hands and to the machine’s moving slide or ram, or to a fixed object away from the point of operation. They are usually used on machines having reciprocating motions.

Pullback devices

Uses cables or straps attached to the operator’s hands and a fixed point. Must be adjusted to let the operator’s hands travel within a predetermined safe area.

Restraint devices

1. Failure to stop equipment 2. Failure to disconnect from power source 3. Failure to dissipate (bleed, neutralize) residual energy 4. Accidental restarting of equipment 5. Failure to clear work areas before restarting

MAIN CAUSES OF MACHINE MAINTENANCE INJURIES (“FATAL FIVE” )

TRUE OR FALSE. Each person who could be exposed to unexpected energization or start-up of equipment, or release of stored energy will utilize an isolation device which is under personal control.

TRUE

Plug locks ball valve lock-out gate valve lock-out group lock-out hasp electrical

Types of lock-out devices

Can be securely fastened to an energy isolating device in accordance with an established procedure to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled can not be operated until the tag is removed

Tag-out device

An employee who locks or tags machines or equipment to perform maintenance or servicing

Authorized employee

An employee whose job requires him/her to operate or work in an area where servicing is being performed under Lockout/Tagout.

Affected employee

NOTIFY IDENTIFY SHUT-DOWN ISOLATE LOCK-OUT VERIFY

Typical loto procedure

* Equipment/Machine inspection and maintenance program. * Installation of safety devices (guards, relief valves, provision for LOTO, interlocks, limit switches, etc) * Compliance to regulatory requirements and standards (e.g. mechanical permits, OSHS, etc) * Implementation of LOTO system. * Having a machine operation and safety procedures. * Machine alarm and warning signal system.

Effective machine safety program

L5-L9 Flashcards

(211 cards)