L5 Leading a Team Flashcards
Schein’s (1980) definition of ‘a group’ 4
A group is a number of people who
interact with each other;
are psychologically aware of each other;
perceive themselves aware of each other
or perceive themselves to be a group.
Brill’s (1976) Definition of ‘a team’ 4
A team is a group of people, each of whom possesses particular expertise; each of whom is responsible for making individual decisions; who together hold a common purpose; who meet together to communicate, collaborate and consolidate knowledge, from which plans are made, actions determined and future decisions influenced
Who are the authors of Team development?
(Tuckman and Jensen, 1977)
What are the stages of Team Development?
Forming Storming Norming Performing
What are the Common Characteristics of stage: Forming
Common characteristics of the stage:
Individualistic
People withhold full participation
Trust: wait and see
Management give no real authority to act
Mission is understood, but does not motivate
Communication from leader to members, rather than members to members, little listening
Leadership style used should be one of directing
What are the Common Characteristics of stage:
Norming
Common characteristics of the stage:
Honeymoon is over, energy dissipating Stress over roles, over uneven contribution Trust: working out who to trust Purpose: slowly becoming clear Communication: often aggressive Dominant members take air time Team processes start to be worked on
Leadership style one of coaching
What are the Common Characteristics of stage:
Storming
Common characteristics of the stage:
Informal experts emerge; team over-rely on them
Swear allegiance to team / team pride; rivalry with other teams
Reluctant to challenge others
Trust: developing, but not tested
Clear focus on performance and goals
Communication to each other as well as to leader
Team processes well underway
Leadership style one of collaboration/ participation
What are the Common Characteristics of stage:
Performing
Common characteristics of the stage:
Team is pro-active; sets most of its own priorities
Team seek wider business info & involvement
Strong culture of “high accountability”
Team share leadership: all involved
Team prioritise what is good for the business as a whole
Trust high: climate of support and challenge
Team manages its performance as a team.
Other teams may be jealous of them
Leadership style one of delegating
What is another possible stage of the Team development model that has been added on?
What are the details of this stage?
Adjouring
The tasks are being completed and the team is disassembled
A sense of loss may be felt by the team members (hence why some authors refer to it as mourning etc.)
Motivation levels can decline as uncertainty about the future begins to set in
Leadership style one of detaching followed by directing with new project start-up
Evidence of Benefits from Teams: 4
EVAL 1
Higher productivity / performance (Wall et al., 1986)
Higher job satisfaction and lower absence (Rasmussen & Jeppesen, 2006)
Increased motivation and better job design (Parker & Williams, 2001)
Lower Patient mortality (Michie & West, 2004)
BUT benefits not guaranteed (Bambra et al., 2007)
Limitations of Tuckman’s Model:
6
Model designed to describe stages in small groups
Group processes may not be as linear as this and may be more cyclical
Characteristics for each stage are not set in stone, and may overlap between the stages
Does not take into account individual roles, such as Belbin does (later)
There is no guidance on the time frame for moving from one stage to another.
A subjective model as opposed to objective
Belbin Team roles, Year
Belbin, 1981
Action
- Implementer
- Shaper
- Complementer Finisher
People
- Coordinator
- Teamworker
- Resource Investigator
Thinking
- Moniter Evalutor
- Plant
- Specialist
What is the main contribution and Weakness of the:
Shaper
Action
Contribution:
Thrive under pressure, dynamic, challenging
Weakness:
Blunt - can offend people, often povocate
What is the main contribution and Weakness of the:
Implementor
Action
Contribution:
Disciplined, Reliable
Weakness:
Inflexible and slow to respond to responsibilities
What is the main contribution and Weakness of the:
Completer / finisher
Action
Contribution:
Conscientious
Weakness:
Reluctant to delegate
