L5 p1

Question 1

Cardiac muscle ____ ____ throughout the body, , smooth muscle _____ ____ substances ____ the body in blood vessels and _____ _____.

Answer 1

propels substances
also moves, throughout
digestive organs

Question 2

Producing body movements and stabilizing positions is produced by _____ ____ tissue.

Answer 2

skeletal

Question 3

Storage things in the body are facilitated by ____ _____ and these muscles also help propel things throughout the body.

Answer 3

skeletal muscles

Question 4

Skeletal muscle produces the most ____ in the body.

Answer 4

heat

Question 5

Muscle functions

1. ______ body movements
2. Stabilizing ____ ______
3. Storing and moving ____ within the _____
4. generating _______

Answer 5

producing
body positions
substances, body
heat

Question 6

Muscle properties
1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_excitability 
2.
3
4

Answer 6

electrical excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

Question 7

Cardiac Muscle is
involuntary and has Authorhythmicity what does this mean?….. What special cells exist in the heart that exhibit this property?…..
It also has a greater _____ on _____

Answer 7

Involuntary refers to the autonomic division of the nervous system.
Authorhythmicity refers to the ability to contract without the nervous system.
The pacemakers in the heart exhibit this property

dependence on oxygen

Question 8

How does the cardiac system contract without NS assistance?

Answer 8

spontaneous depolarization of the SA node (primary pacemakers)

Question 9

How does cardiac muscle look?
They look _______ and _______with striations however cardiac muscle has a ______ less ________ look that is lighter than skeletal muscle.

Answer 9

How does cardiac muscle look?
They look straight and branched with striations however cardiac muscle has a looser less organized look that is lighter than skeletal muscle

Question 10

Cardiac muscle has more of this specific membrane-bound organelle: _______. this makes cardiac muscle more _____

Answer 10

mitochondria

aerobic

Question 11

Smooth muscles look is very much like a _____. This mass has very few ______.
Its action is controlled ________
has no ______, sarcoplasmic recticulum contacts _______.
No ________, intermidate _______ attach to densce bodies instead

Answer 11

blob, Striations
t-tubes, sarcolemma

ono sarcomeres, filaments

Question 12

Skeletal Muscle smallest components are the ______.

what types are there? What are the secondary names for those 2 types?

Answer 12

filaments
Actin and Myosin
Actin = Thin
Myosin = Thick

Question 13

A sarcomere is the entirety of the _______ in-between the _____ discs.

Answer 13

fillaments,

z

Question 14

A sarcomere is the entirety of the _______ in-between the _____ discs.

Answer 14

filaments,

z

Question 15

Sarcomere lined up and bundled together makes a ______, the second smallest group of Skeletal muscle anatomy

Answer 15

Myofibril

Question 16

A muscle fiber (cell) contains a______ witch contains _______ witch is composed of ________

Answer 16

myofibrils, Sarcomere,

filaments

Question 17

A group of muscle fibers (cells) is called a ______

Answer 17

fascicle

Question 18

a group of fascicles is called a ______

Answer 18

muscle

Question 19

Surrounding each muscle cells (fibers) is something called the _______ which is the muscle cell’s _____.
Surrounding the sarcolemma there is a

Answer 19

sarcolemma, membrane

Question 20

the sarcolemma surrounds muscle cells(fibers) what in turn surrounds the sarcolemma? when all these things are viewed together what is the name for the group of muscle-related cells, and structures?

Answer 20

the Endomysium

the Fasicle

Question 21

the sarcolemma surrounds muscle cells(fibers) the sarcolemma is surrounded by the Endomysium witch forms the Fascicle. when a group of muscle fibers are bundled together, individually they are covered by ________ this forms but what connective tissue surrounds the entirety of the multiple bundled muscle fibers??

Answer 21

Endomysium

the perimysium

Question 22

what direction do fibers run in an individual Fascicle?

Answer 22

parallel

Question 23

a group of bundled Fascicles is surrounded by the ______ witch is a ____ _____.
One of the properties of the aforementioned tissue is that it _____ _____ the _____ of the muscle

Answer 23

epimysium, connective tissue.

extends beyond the length of the

Question 24

a group of bundled Fascicles is surrounded by the ______ witch is a ____ _____.
One of the properties of the aforementioned tissue is that it _____ _____ the _____ of the muscle. This muscle attachment type is _______.

Answer 24

epimysium, connective tissue.
extends beyond the length of the
indirect

Question 25

aponeurosis is connective tissue thart is _____ _____ like______ tendon, unlike directly attached tendon witch is ____ ____

Answer 25

flat, sheet-like | Rope like

Question 26

Muscle attachments Direct is where _______ is fused to _____ or ______ Indirect is:

Answer 26

epimysium os fused to periosteum o perichondrium

Question 27

periosteum and perichondrium

Answer 27

``` periosteum = outer layer of bone connective tissue perichondrium = outer connective tissue of cartilage ```

Question 28

The different Fascicle arrangements | 1. Parallel: Parallel to the ________axis of muscle, they terminate on either _____ in ______ tendons.

Answer 28

The different Fascicle arrangements | 1. Parallel: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle, terminate on either end in flat tendons.

Question 29

The different Fascicle arrangements 2. Fusiform: Fascles nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle, it terminates in ___ ______, muscle tapers towards tendons where the diameter is less than at belly giving the muscle ____ ____ _____ ____. an example if this muscle is your _________

Answer 29

2. Fusiform: Fascles nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle, terminates in flat tendons, muscle tapers towards tendons where the diameter is less than at belly giving the muscle a more bulged middle hamstrings

Question 30

The different Fascicle arrangements | 3. Circular: Fascicles in _____ ______ arrangments form _____ muscles that enclose an orifice.

Answer 30

concentric circular | sphincter

Question 31

The different Fascicle arrangements 4. Triangular: Fascicles spread over a broad area like a _______that converge at a ____ ______ tendon. Give an example of this muscle: ____ ____.

Answer 31

4. Triangular: Fascicles spread over a broad area like a fishtail that converge at a thick central tendon. Pectoralis Major

Question 32

The different Fascicle arrangements | 5. The Pennate's/Unipennate: Fascicles arranged only on ____ _____ of the tendon/// looks like a _______ or _____.

Answer 32

5. The Pennate's/Unipennate: Fascicles arranged only on one side of the tendon/// looks like a musket or paddle

Question 33

The different Fascicle arrangements: 6. The Pennate's/Bipennate: Fascicles are arranged on ________ of _______ positioned tendons. An example of this muscle type is _____ ______

Answer 33

Fascicles are arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons. Rectus femorus

Question 34

You can identify Pennates by the _____ _____ present in all 3 types.

Answer 34

long tendon

Question 35

The different Fascicle arrangements: 7. The Pennates/Multipennate: Fascicles attach _______ from _____ directions in _____ tendons. An example of this muscle type in the body is the ______

Answer 35

7. The Pennates/Multipennate: Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions in several tendons. deltoid

Question 36

ROM in terms of Fascicle means the degree/amount of _____ which a muscle can shorten. Ex a Fusiform muscle has a greater ROM than a Triangular because the fibers can _____ ____ __ _____ ______.

Answer 36

distance | contract over a greater range.

Question 37

Why do some muscles shorten less than others? | because an increased Pennation angle results in ____ ____ of the ____ muscle.

Answer 37

decreased shortening of the whole muscle

Question 38

Muscle fibers(cell)s Myofibrils are surrounded by a membranous network known as _______ ____(__) The bulged sections of this _._ are known as ____ _____.

Answer 38

``` Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (S.R) terminal cisternae/cisterns ```

Question 39

Microscopic Anatomy myofibrils have the external sarcolemma covering ___ _____ and create tubes that enter into the ____ of the cell, these are called __-______. The Triad is the _____ _______ (_-_______) and the terminal cisterns

Answer 39

folds inwards interior T-Tubules (Transverse Tublules) Transverse tubules (T-tubules)

Question 40

Microscopic Anatomy | Muscle cells you can see mitochondria and the nuclei because muscle cells are ____ _____

Answer 40

multi-nucleated

Question 41

Microscopic Anatomy | What is the Significance of the Terminal cisternae of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 41

Store Ca2+

Question 42

Microscopic Anatomy | T tubule proteins have_____ _______ that signal release of _____from terminal cisternae.

Answer 42

voltage sensors | Ca2+

Question 43

Microscopic Anatomy | Myosin Proteins have ___ parts they are?

Answer 43

2, | Tail and the head

Question 44

Microscopic Anatomy Myosin Proteins have a tail and head the tail has2 ______ heavy polypeptide ____

Answer 44

interwoven | chains

Question 45

Microscopic Anatomy Myosin Proteins have a tail and head, and const of 2 _____ polypeptide chains. with binding sites for ____. These binding sites serve as enzyme ATPase, this enzyme ______ ATP.

Answer 45

light ATP Hydrolyzes

Question 46

Microscopic Anatomy Actin Proteins have ___ types What are they? What do they do?

Answer 46

``` 2 Fibrous actin (F actin) G Actin F actin is composed of globular actin subunits G actin G actin active sites for myosin ```

Question 47

Microscopic Anatomy The G actin is the _____ _____ for the attachment for myosin. it looks like a little ________(depending on diagram color many very

Answer 47

active site | blueberry

Question 48

Microscopic Anatomy What are the regulatory proteins on the thin filament? What do they do and what d they look like? ___ ____ the active sites for the myosin. Looks like a thin _____.

Answer 48

Tropomyosin and Troponin cover-up strand

Question 49

Troponin has _____ binding sites. Troponin has to hold _______ and ______ together. in total it has 3 binding sites. what is the 3rd? Where is the calcium stored?

Answer 49

multiple Tropomyosin and Actin together Calcium terminal cisternae of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 50

Name the 2 contractile proteins in Microscopic muscle anatomy

Answer 50

Actin and Myosin

Question 51

Microscopic anatomy structural proteins are? ____ _____. this is an elastic protein between the z disc and the ____ of the distal filament closest to it. The second structural protein is _-_____. This second Structural protein attaches to the _-Discs witch, in turn, attaches to the actin molecules of ____ filaments and to Titin molecules. The Third Structural Protein is _____. This Structural protein forms a ___ line of sarcomere; binds to titin molecules and connects adjacent ____- filaments to one and other The Forth Structural Protein is Nebulin this Structural protein ____ ____ ___ ____ ____ of each filament; Helps _____ thin filaments to Z Discs and regulates ____ of thin filaments during development. The fifth Structural Protein is Dystrophin. This protein links thin filaments of the sarcomere to integral membrane proteins of the _______. ....... they help _____ sarcolemma and help transmit ____ generated by sarcomeres tendons

Answer 51

1Titin filaments end of the distal fillament 2a-Actinin attaches to the Z-Discs thin filaments 3Myomesin filaments M line of Sacromere; connects adjacent thick filaments 4wraps around the entire length helps anchor thin filaments length of thin filaments 5 proteins of the sarcolemma reinforce sarcolemma transmit tension

Question 52

Components of a Sarcomere: name them and their functions: 1. __ ____ are Narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense material that ____ one _____ from the next 2. ___ _____ are the dark, _____part of Sarcomere and they extend the entire length of _____ filaments and include those parts of thin filaments that ____ thick filaments. 3. __ _____ are the lighter, less dense area of sarcomere that contains the ____ of ____ filaments WITH ____ thick filaments. A Z disc passes through the ___ of each ___ band. 4. _ ____ are the Narrow region in the ____ of each A Band that contains ____filaments but no ____ filaments 5. ___ ____ is the region in the ____ of ___ ___. This Zone contains proteins that hold ___ ____ together at the _____ of the sacromere.

Answer 52

Z Discs: are Narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense material that separate one sarcomere from the next. A bands: are the dark middle part of sarcomere and they extend the entire length of the thick filaments and include those parts of the thin filaments that wrap around thick filaments. I Bands: are the lighter less dense area of the sarcomere that contains the remainder of thin filaments WITH no thick filaments. A Z Disc passes through the center of each I Band H Zones are the narrow regions in the center of each A band that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments. M Line is the region in the middle of the H Zone. this zone contains proteins that hold thick filaments together at the center of the sarcomere

Question 53

Why is the A band the Darkest of all regions in the Sarcomere?

Answer 53

contains actin and myosin