L5: Round Cell Neoplasms Flashcards Preview

Cytodiagnostics (Spring 2016) > L5: Round Cell Neoplasms > Flashcards

Flashcards in L5: Round Cell Neoplasms Deck (26)
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1
Q

6 selected round cell neoplasms

A
  • lymphoma
  • plasma cell tumor
  • histiocytic diseases (histiocytoma, histiocytosis, histiocytic sarcoma)
  • TVT
  • MCT
  • Melanoma
2
Q

Criteria of malignancy for round cell neoplasms

A
  • features variable and not reliable
  • high N:C ratio usually
  • histopath recommended for grading/tissue architecture for MCT, lymphoma, and melanomas
3
Q

Round cell neoplasia nomenclature

A

Benign: -cytoma
Malignant: -oma

4
Q

How do round cell tumors usually met?

A

Lymphatic

5
Q

General chars. Of round cell neoplasms

A
  • readily exfoliate
  • individualized cells and loose aggregates of many cells
  • round or oval cells
  • distinct cytoplasmic borders
6
Q

Chars. Of lymphoma on FNA

A

-B vs. T can’t be definitively told
-large B cell lymphomas, canine LSA CAN be diagnosed
-cutaneous lymphoid lesions, feline and equine LSA usually need histopath
-T cell lymphoma usually worse than B
(Less easily targeted by chemo)

7
Q

Substages of lymphoma

A

Substage b: p unwell at presentation

Substage a: p well at present

8
Q

T cell rich B cell lymphoma

A
  • type of lymphoma that horses and ferrets

- neoplastic B cells with large infiltrates of T cells

9
Q

Size of large lymphocytes

A

3x or greater than RBC; bigger than neuts

10
Q

How does leukemia and lymphoma spread and where do they start?

A

Leuk: centrifugal; starts in bone marrow usually
Lymph: centripetal; starts in lymphoid organ usually

11
Q

How does leukemia and lymphoma spread and met?

A

Leuk: circulates in blood, may met to LN
Lymph: spreads to multiple lymphoid organs, may circulate in the blood; may met to bone marrow if advanced

12
Q

Chars. Of Plasma cell tumor

A
  • lymphoid neoplasm
  • more common in dogs than cats
  • extramedullary sites: digits, ears, oral cavity, GI, LIV, SP
  • multiple myeloma form of plasma cell neoplasm of the bone marrow
  • more likely to be aggressive in oral cavity or GIT
13
Q

Cytologic appearance of plasma cell tumor

A

-dk. Blue cytoplasm
-perinuclear colorless area (Golgi zone)
-round, eccentric nucleus = classic sign
-pleomorphic nuclei
+/- binucleation and multinucleation
-anisokaryosis

14
Q

4 diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma:

A

1) serum monoclonal gomopathy
2) Bence jones proteins
3) >20% cells in bone marrow = plasma cells
4) punched out lytic lesions in scapula, vertebral body, etc.

15
Q

Chars. Of histiocytic diseases

A
  • part of the mononuclear phagocyte system (dendritic, macrophage-type cells)
  • variable prognoses
  • includes histiocytoma, histiocytosis, histiocytic sarcoma
16
Q

Chars. Of histiocytoma

A
  • benign cutaneous neoplasm
  • young dogs
  • pink, hairless
  • usually on head or trunk
  • will spontaneously regress via cell-mediated immunity T cell infiltrate
17
Q

Cytologic chars. Of histioma

A
  • cells have colorless cytoplasm

- “shplurted” cells (don’t exfoliate well)

18
Q

Chars. Of histiocytic sarcoma

A
  • more common in Bernese mountain dogs, rotties, retrievers
  • arises at single site
  • primary lesion sites: skin, SP, LN, LU, bone marrow, meninges, periarticular
  • secondary sites: LIV, LU, hilar LN
  • can be hemophagocytic
19
Q

Chars. Of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma

A
  • arises in bone marrow or SP
  • generalized splenomegaly, mottling on US
  • assoc. with concurrent anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocholesterolemia
20
Q

Chars. Of malignany histiocytosis

A
  • aggressive histiocytic neoplasm that arises at multiple sites simultaneously
  • aka disseminated HS
  • Bernese Mountain dogs most common
21
Q

Chars. Of transmissible venereal tumor

A
  • transmissible
  • histiocyte lineage
  • typical locations: nasal cavity, external genitalia mm
  • tumors can become large and ulcerate
  • uncommonly met to regional LN
  • 57-59 chromosomes/cell
  • responsive to chemo
  • more common in the Caribbean
22
Q

Cytologic chars. Of TVT

A
  • round cells
  • pale basophilic cytoplasm w/ characteristic clear punctate vacuoles
  • central to eccentric nucleus
  • coarse chromatin
  • 1+ prominent nucleoli
  • moderate to high N:C
  • mature lesions may contain small tumor infiltrating lymphs
  • high mitotic rate
23
Q

Chars. Of mast cell tumors

A
  • common cutaneous/SC tumor in dogs (boxers, bostons, bulldogs, pugs, labs, goldens, shar peis, terriers, weimers)
  • less common in felines, equines
  • graded on 1+ to 3+ scale based on histopath
  • nailbed, scrotal, mucocutaneous sites have poorer prognosis
  • met to regional LN/other organs
  • young animals can have multiple lesions that may spontaneously regress
  • visceral form –> systemic mastocytosis and affects GIT, SP, LIV and is more common in cats; usually see in peripheral circulation
24
Q

Cytologic chars. Of MCT

A
  • round cells w/ variable # of purple granules
  • granules contain HA, heparin, TNF, proteases, lipid mediators, proteases, and other cytokines
  • usually can’t see granules on Diff Quick
  • eosinophilic inflammation
  • reactive fibroblasts
  • collagen lysis
25
Q

Chars. Of melanocytic neoplasms

A
  • round cell neoplasm that actually has neuroectodermal origin
  • more common in dogs/horses
  • gray horses: base of tail, perineum, lips, eyelids
  • Dogs: more aggressive if on digit or oral cavity; less aggressive if on trunk
26
Q

Cytologic appearance of melanocytic neoplasms

A
  • variable appearance in regards to cellular shape and pigmentation
  • cells fragile so often see granules in the background
  • can look both epithelial and like a round cell