L5 SSD pt 1

Question 1

3 constructs to describe children’s speech acquisition

Answer 1

• Early - middle - late
• Percentage of consonants correct (PCC)
• Age of acqusition

Question 2

who’s theory is early - middle - late 8

Answer 2

shriberg (1993)

Question 3

early 8

Answer 3

(/p/, /b/, /j/, /n/, /w/, /d/, /m/, /h/)

Question 4

middle - 8

Answer 4

/t/, /η/, /k/, /g/, /f/, /v/, /t∫/, /dʒ/)

Question 5

late 8

Answer 5

(/∫/, /s/, /θ/, /δ/, /r/, /z/, /ʒ/, /l/)

Question 6

early-middle-late 8 in children with speech delay

Answer 6

• nearly all of the Early-8 English consonant sounds correct
• only some of the Middle-8 sounds correct
• few of the Late-8 sounds correct.

Question 7

sounds acquired by 2 years

Answer 7

p

Question 8

sounds acquired by 3 years

Answer 8

b, t, d, k, g, m, n, ng, f, h, y, w

Question 9

sounds acquired by 4 years

Answer 9

v, s, z, sh, ch, j, l

Question 10

sounds acquired by 5 years

Answer 10

th (voiced), zh, r

Question 11

sounds scquired by 6 years

Answer 11

th (voiceless)

Question 12

explain percentage of consonants correct

Answer 12

• Shriberg and Kwiatkowski (1982)
• Calculated by dividing the number of consonants produced correctly by the total number of consonants in a connected speech sample.

Question 13

why should we not use PCC

Answer 13

• no differential diagnosis
• no consideration of vowel distortions

Question 14

developmental speech sound disorder

Answer 14

Delayed or impairment in expected development

Question 15

main points of DSSD

Answer 15

• The most common developmental impairment (up to 25% prevalence level in some studies)
• Not evenly distributed across age groups
• Often an indicator of additional needs in language and communication; patterns tend to resolve in this direction
• Often co-occurs with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), reading or spelling disability and stuttering

Question 16

implications of persistent SSDs on other aspects of development

Answer 16

• If SSDs persist beyond preschool, 30%–77% may also experience reading difficulties (Anthony et al., 2011).
• Without specialist services, these children face increased risk of lifelong social, educational, and vocational limitations (McCormack et al., 2009).

Question 17

what does DEAP stand for

Answer 17

Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology

Question 18

why is the DEAP particularly useful for us as Irish SLTs

Answer 18

its the only standardized test standardized to Irish children

Question 19

what type of differential diagnosis is the DEAP especially useful for

Answer 19

• differentiating between articulation and phonological disorders
  
  • if a child has a sound in their consonantal inventory but they do not make in context it’s a phonological disorder
  • If a sound is not in a child’s consonantal inventory, it’s an articulation disorder or delay

Question 20

how do we know if a child is exhibiting a phonological delay

Answer 20

if they are using typical phonlogical processes later than they should be

Question 21

three types of typical phonological processes

Answer 21

• syllable structure processes
• systematic processes
• assimilation processes

Question 22

what are syllable structure processes

Answer 22

• Affect the syllable shape itself
• Delete a syllable or segment within a syllable

Question 23

four examples of syllable strucutre processes

Answer 23

• reduplication
• weak syllable deletion
• final consonant deletion
• cluster reduction

Question 24

example of reduplication

Answer 24

thanks → ta ta

Question 25

example of weak syllable deletion

Answer 25

banana → nana

Question 26

example of final consonant deletion

Answer 26

mouse → mou

Question 27

example of cluster reduction

Answer 27

swift → wift

Question 28

what are systematic processes

Answer 28

Affect segments within syllables, either in terms of the place or the manner of articulation

Question 29

examples of systematic processes

Answer 29

- stopping - voicing - devoicing - gliding - fronting - deaffrication

Question 30

what is stopping

Answer 30

fricative → stop eg. /s/ → /t/

Question 31

what is voicing

Answer 31

voiceless → voiced eg. /t/ → /d/

Question 32

what is devoicing

Answer 32

voiced → voiceless eg. /d/ → [t]

Question 33

what is gliding

Answer 33

liquid → glide eg. /r/ → [w]

Question 34

what is fronting

Answer 34

sounds at back → sounds at front eg. /k/ → [t]

Question 35

what is deaffrication

Answer 35

affricate → fricative eg. /tʃ/ → /s/

Question 36

Assimilatory processes

Answer 36

Neighbouring syllables of segments influence each other

Question 37

two examples of assimilatory processes

Answer 37

- Nasal assimilation - nasal resonance instead of oral resonance - Consonant harmony - indian → nindinin

Question 38

how do we know if a child is exihiting a phonological disorder

Answer 38

if they are using atypical phonological processes

Question 39

examples of atypical processes

Answer 39

- backing - affrication - initial consonant deletion - medial consonant deletion - intrusive consonants - denasalisation - favoured sound

Question 40

backing

Answer 40

Place of articulation moved to a more posterior position - Teeth → [kik]

Question 41

initial consonant deletion

Answer 41

Deletion of word initial consonant - Sun → [ʌn]

Question 42

affrication

Answer 42

Replacement of stops with fricatives of affricates - Dog → [ʒog]

Question 43

medial consonant deletion

Answer 43

Deletion of glottalization of intervocalaic consonants - Feather → [fɛhə]

Question 44

intrusive consonants

Answer 44

Insertion of extra consonant before another consonant - Duck → [dʌnk]

Question 45

denasalisation

Answer 45

Replacement of nasal consonants with a non-nasal sound - Knife → [taɪf]

Question 46

favoured sound

Answer 46

Replacement of groups of consonants by a favourite sound All initial consonants marked by [d]

Question 47

# 1. acceptable error patterns for 3;0-3;5

Answer 47

- gliding - fronting of velars - deaffrication - cluster reduction - weak syllable deletion - stopping of fricatives

Question 48

acceptable errors at age 3;6-3;11

Answer 48

- gliding - fronting of velars - deaffrication - cluster reduction - weak syllable deletion

Question 49

acceptable errors patterns for 4;0-4;11

Answer 49

- gliding - deaffrication

Question 50

accceptable error patterns for 5;0-5;11

Answer 50

gliding

Question 51

acceptable error patterns for 6;0-6;11

Answer 51

none