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Flashcards in L53 Emotions Deck (24)
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1
Q

Define emotion

A

any strong feeling state, such as excitement, distress, happiness, sadness, love, hate, fear or anger

2
Q

define affect

A

the external manifestation of emotions

3
Q

define flat affect

A

medical terms that describes a severe reduction in emotional expressiveness. This can include speaking in a monotonous voice, having diminished facial expressions and other manifestations of a defective emotional system.

4
Q

what did Hippocrates assume that a person’s temperament is based on?

A

balance between the 4 humors of the human body - blood, mucous, yellow bile, black bile

excess of one of these would make a person either courageous, dull, angry or sad

5
Q

describe the James-Lange Theory

A

emotional experience is induced by our somatic, autonomic and endocrine emotional expressions

“we feel happy because we smile”

apparently, new research shows that people who lack emotional experiences can still express emotions… but thats a load of crap.

6
Q

describe the cannon-bard theory

A

emotional experiences (what we remember) trigger the emotional response of our body

“our happiness is what makes us smile”

7
Q

What does Broca’s Limbic lobe consist of?

A

cingulate gyrus
subcallosal gyrus
isthmus parahippocampal gyrus
uncus

8
Q

the term “limbic lobe” has developed to be synonymous with the “_____”

A

emotional system

9
Q

who was the first to note marked any emotional outbursts from its with damage to their hippocampus and/or cingulate gyrus?

A

Papez

10
Q

What is Papez’s, “mechanism of emotion” based on?

A

based on Papez’s hippocampo-thalamo-cingulate-hippocampal circuit = Papez circuit

note-neither in favor of James-Lange nor Cannon-Bard theory

11
Q

MacLean added to Papez’s theory and incorporated the ____ and the ____ and it all combined to forms the Limbic system

A

cortex

amygdala

12
Q

It is widely accepted that the ____ shares input to the _____ and therefore directly influences somatic (behavioral), autonomic and endocrine responses

A

cortex

hypothalamus

13
Q

describe what happened to Phineas Gage

A

iron rod impailed through his head which destroyed his FRONTAL LOBE!

was respectable and then was nut job

14
Q

what was frontal lobotomy used to treat?

A

schizophrenia with uncontrolled behavior

.. the change in personality was unacceptable and is no longer practiced

15
Q

What is Kulver-Bucy syndrome?

A

bilateral removal/damage to anterior temporal lobe + amygdala = dramatic decrease in aggression + increase sexual drive

surgically done in monkeys and human pt have similar sx/sx

16
Q

what happens to scared rats who were trained to be scared when their amygdala was removed?

A

lost their fear response!

17
Q

what studies confirmed amygdalas role int he emotional system of fear?

A

fMRI studies

humans were shown smiley faces and sad faces
high level of activity in amygdala with looking at scared faces

low level of activity in amygdala with looking at happy faces!

18
Q

what produces input signal to the amygdala?

A

an emotionally competent sensory stimulus

the amygdala will then send output to illicit behavioral, autonomic and endocrine responses

19
Q

what brain structure has an shortcut during emergency situations?

A

amygdala

20
Q

what disorders fall under anxiety disorders?

A
panic disorders
OCD
PTSD
phobia
generalized anxiety disorder
21
Q

what are anxiety disorders attributed to?

A

anxiety disorders = hyperactive amygdala / hypoactive hippocampus

might also be due to decrease in benzodiazepine receptors in the frontal lobe

22
Q

what can temporal lobe tumors compromising the amygdala or its connections lead to

A

extreme aggression and hostility

23
Q

what are tumors of the hypothalamus often accompanies by?

A

spontaneous fits of anger or deep sadness

24
Q

describe psychomotor epilepsy

A

temporal lobe seizures with olfactory/gustatory hallucinations are followed by mood change (anxiety or lonliness)

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