L6 Flashcards by HN AL

external highly- convoluted.
gray matter of cerebral hemisphere

Cerebral cortex

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extensive internal mass that partly encloses the basal ganglia.
of cerebral hemisphere

white matter

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two hemispheres are linked by the
commissural fibers of ……

corpus
callosum.

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two cerebral hemispheres are
separated by

a deep *median longitudinal fissure which contains a crescent-shaped fold of the dura mater
(the falx cerebri).

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Su rfaces of cerebral hemisphere

superolateral surface

medial surface is flat

inferior surface is irregular

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parts of inferior surface of cerebral hemisphere

a) The orbital part is above the orbital and nasal roof.

b) The tentorial part lies in the middle cranial fossa posteriorly it lies above the tentorium cerebelli which separates it from the superior surface of the cerebellum

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Borders of the cerebral hemisphere

-Superomedial border is the longest
-frontal ————- occipital
-superior sagittal sinus.

-** Inferolateral** border
-pre-occipital notch

-Superciliary border at the level of the eye brows.

-Medial border يفصل السرفس المديال عن الانفيرور

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part of Medial border:

A) Medial orbital border

B) Parahippocampal border

C) Medial occipital border
from the (corpus callosum) to the occipital pole.

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Limbic lobe (functional lobe) on the
…….of the cerebral hemisphere.

medial surface

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Sulci on the superolateral surface

central sulcus

lateral fissure (sulcus)

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Sulci of lateral surface of all lobes

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The central sulcus start

superomedial border
But lies on Superiorlateral surface

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Which Sulci contain middle cerebral vessels

Lateral sulcus

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Sulci on Lateral Surface of frontal lobe:

Precentral sulcus
Superior Frontal sulcus.
Inferior Frontal sulcus.

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Sulci on Lateral Surface of the parietal lobe:

Postcentral sulcus
Intraparietal sulcus

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• Sulci on Lateral Surface of occipital lobe:

Lateral Occipital sulcus-
Lunate sulcus a short semilunar sulcus
Calcarine sulcus

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• sulci on Lateral Surface of the temporal lobe:

Superior Temporal sulcus.
Inferior Temporal sulcus.

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Gy ri on the superolateral surface

Precentral Gyrus
Superior, middle and inferior Frontal Gyri
Postcentral Gyrus
Superior Parietal Lobule
Inferior Parietal Lobule

-Lateral, superior and inferior occipital gyri
- Superior, middle and inferior temporal Gyri

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Location of Insula

part of the cerebral cortex lies in the bottom of the lateral sulcus.

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Insula It is outlined by ……

circular sulcus.

close to the upper surface of
the corpus callosum separating it from the
cerebral cortex.

Callosal sulcus

Su lci on the medial surface

Callosal sulcus

Cingulate sulcus

Central sulcus

Calcarine sulcus

Parieto-occipital sulcus

كلهم C

Gy ri on the medial surface

Medial Surface of the frontal lobe:
- Medial Frontal Gyrus
- Paracentral Lobule

Medial Surface of parietal lobe:
- Paracentral Lobule
- Precuneus

Medial Surface of occipital lobe:
- Cuneus
- Lingual Gyrus

Cuneus bounded by?

parieto- occipital

calcarine sulci.

Lingual Gyrus bounded by

collateral sulcus and calcarine sulcus.

Sulci on the inferior surface

Olfactory sulcus Orbital sulcus Rhinal sulcus Collateral sulcus Occipitotemporal sulcus

Gyri on the inferior surface

Orbital surface : -**Gyrus Rectus** -**Orbital gyri** Tentorial surface : - **Lingual Gyrus** - Medial and lateral **Occipitotemporal Gyri** - **Parahippocampal Gyrus** - **Uncus**

Cortical Areas in Frontal Lobe

1. The precentral area 2. The supplementary motor area. 3. The frontal eye field. 4. The motor speech area of Broca. 5. The prefrontal cortex.

The precentral area is situated in

precentral gyrus

precentral area may be divided into

• The **posterior region** which is referred to as the motor area, **primary motor area,or Brodmann area 4** • The anterior region is known as the **premotor area, secondary motor area** or Brodmann area **6 and parts of areas 8**

Somatotopically organization of the body in the motor areas

• The body hangs upside down with the larynx and tongue in the lowest part adjacent to the lateral fissure, followed upward by the head, upper limb, thorax, abdomen, and lower extremity.

Primary motor cortex (somatic motor area); area 4 • Site:

**precentral gyrus** extending over the **superiomedial border** into the **paracentral lobule**

Premotor area: Site

premotor cortex, located **anterior to area 4** consists of areas 6 and 8. It occupies anterior part of the precentral gyrus and the posterior parts of the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri.

Area 8, known as

the frontal eye field

The supplementary motor area:

**medial frontal gyrus** on the medial surface of the hemisphere and anterior to the paracentral lobule.

T he motor speech area of Broca (area 44 & 45) site

**inferior frontal gyrus**

Th e sensory speech area of Wernicke Site

**superior temporal gyrus of the left dominant** hemisphere, with extensions into the parietal region.

Wernicke area is connected to the Broca area by a bundle of nerve fibers called ……………

the arcuate fasciculus.

Cortical areas of parietal lobe

•**primary somesthetic** area (p rimary somatic sensory cortex S1) • **secondary somesthetic area** (secondary) somatic sensory cortex S2) • The **somesthetic association area**

primary somesthetic area: • Site:

postcentral gyrus on the lateral surface of the hemisphere and the posterior part of the paracentral lobulenon the medial surface (Brodmann areas 3, 1, and 2).

The secondary somesthetic area is in………….

the superior lip of the posterior limb of the lateral fissure.

somesthetic association area Site

superior parietal lobule extending onto the medial surface

Cortical areas of Occipital Lobe

• The primary visual area (Brodmann area 17). • The secondary visual area Brodmann areas 18 &19). • The occipital eye field.

primary visual area (Brodmann area 17)

walls of the posterior part of the calcarine sulcus.

secondary visual area (Brodmann areas 18 and 19)

• It surrounds the primary visual area on the medial and lateral surfaces of the hemisphere.

Cortical areas of temporal Lobe

• The primary auditory area. 41,42 • The secondary auditory area. • the sensory speech area of Wernicke 22

T he primary auditory area (Brodmann areas 41 and 42)

inferior wall of the lateral sulcus. + superior temporal gyrus

secondary auditory area (auditory association cortex)

posterior to the primary auditory area in the lateral sulcus and in the superior temporal gyrus