L6: Louse infestations

Question 1

what are Phthiraptera

Answer 1

lice

Question 2

pediculosis

Answer 2

infestation w/ lice

Question 3

physical characteristics of lice (Phthiraptera)

Answer 3

wingless, dorsoventrally flattened insects
1-8mm long

Question 4

lice eggs are called

Answer 4

nits
they attach to hairs or feathers on host

Question 5

what type of lifecycle do fleas undergo

Answer 5

hemimetabolous (simple) metamorphosis

Question 6

how many nymphal instars do lice have

Answer 6

3
nymphs resemble adults in appearance and behaviors

Question 7

main way lice are transmitted

Answer 7

direct contact
most lice only survive a few days off of the host

Question 8

how long does one lice generation take to complete

Answer 8

3-4 weeks

Question 9

2 main groups of lice

Answer 9

Anoplura - sucking lice
Mallophaga - chewing (biting) lice

Question 10

type of lice that only infest mammals, they feed on blood, and are slow moving

Answer 10

Anoplurs - suckling lice

Question 11

type of lice that infests both birds and mammals, they move rapidly and feed on feathers, epidermal scales, sebum (some species feed on blood)

Answer 11

Mallophaga - chewing (biting) lice

Question 12

how to tell Anoplura apart from Mallophage physically

Answer 12

Anoplura - head is narrower than prothorax and they have protrusible piercing mouthparts

Mallophage - head is broader than the prothorax and they have mandibulate mouthparts

Question 13

Pediculosis infestations are more prevalent in animals in what conditions

Answer 13

• young
• old
• malnourished
• sick
• hosts living in unsanitary or crowded conditions

Question 14

Mild to moderate pediculosis can cause what clinical symptoms

Answer 14

• pruritis and dermatitis (itchy, scratchy, biting of infected area)
• poor hair, feathers, and body condition
• restlessness and disruption of feeding, sleeping, etc

Question 15

severe pediculosis infections are associated with what symptoms

Answer 15

• alopecia, production losses, secondary bacterial infections, anemia (suckling lice), death

Question 16

T/F: Some lice species are able to transmit pathogens or parasitic worms

Answer 16

T

Question 17

severe pediculosis may be a sign of an underlying condition such as..

Answer 17

malnutrition or chronic disease

Question 18

how is pedculosis diagnosed

Answer 18

through clinical signs and detection of lice and or eggs

• biting lice move slower than suckling
• Taxonomic ID: transfer louse into saline, glycerin or mineral oil on a microscope slide

Question 19

Treatment of Louse Infestations

Answer 19

• insecticides (carbaryl, coumaphos, pyrethoids)
• antiparasitic drugs (ivermectin, selamectin)

Question 20

Prevention and Control of Louse Infestations

Answer 20

• disinfect the environment and fomites
• precent clean or recently treated animals from exposure to infested animals, fomites and environments

Question 21

are there any known pathogens known to be transmitted by chicken lice

Answer 21

no

Question 22

what are Menacanthus stramineus

Answer 22

chicken body louse

Question 23

where are Menacanthus stramineus found on the body, where do they eggs cluster

chicken louse

Answer 23

on the skin, especially at the vent, breast and thigh regions where the bird is sparsely feathered so they can feed on blood

eggs cluster at the base of feathers, esp around the vent

Question 24

what are Menopon gallinae

gallinae = chickens

Answer 24

chicken shaft louse
they rest on feather shafts

Question 25

*Menopon gallinae* predilection sites

Answer 25

breast and thighs feed on blood

Question 26

where can eggs of *Menopon gallinae* be found

Answer 26

attached either individually or in clusters to the base of feathers in the breast and thigh region

Question 27

heavy lice infestations of dogs can cause what clinical signs

Answer 27

* severe pruritus * restlessness * intense scratching * ruffled or rough matted coat * alopecia

Question 28

what is *Linognathus setosus*

Answer 28

dog suckling louse | think setosus - suckling

Question 29

what are the predilection sites of *Linognathus setosus*

Answer 29

* head and neck * shoulders, esp under collar

Question 30

what is *Trichodectes canis*

Answer 30

dog chewing louse intermediate host of **tapeworm Dipylidium caninum**

Question 31

predilection sites of *Trichodectes canis*

Answer 31

**dog chewing louse** * head, neck, tail * attached to base of hair * congregates around orifices and wounds seeking moisture * intermediate host of **tapeworm Dipylidium caninum**

Question 32

*Trichodectes canis* are the intermediate host of ..?

Answer 32

tapeworm ***Dipylidium caninum***

Question 33

what is *Felicola subrostraus*

Answer 33

cat **chewing** louse

Question 34

predilection sites of *Felicola subrostratus*

Answer 34

face, back, pinnae

Question 35

*Felicola subrostratus* pediculosis is generally only seen in what types of cats

Answer 35

elderly or chronically ill

Question 36

cattle lice infestations tend to increase in what kind of weather

Answer 36

colder

Question 37

heavy lice infestations on cattle are associated with what clinical signs

Answer 37

* severe pruritus * frequent rubbing * alopecia * skin trauma * low weight gain or low milk production

Question 38

*Linognathus vituli*

Answer 38

longnosed cattle louse

Question 39

characteristics of *Linognathus vituli*

Answer 39

* prefer skin of head, neck, dewlap * gregarious, **form in dense clusters** * body is extended upright while feeding

Question 40

what are *Haematopinus eurysternus*

Answer 40

**shortnosed cattle louse** predilection for head (esp. around horns, eyes, ears), neck, dewlap and base of tail

Question 41

what are *Solenopotes capillatus*

Answer 41

* little blue cattle louse * *smallest of the suckling lice that infest cattle* * usually found on head, neck, shoulders, dewlap, back, tail * tend to occur in distinct clusters

Question 42

what are *Haematopinus quadripertusus*

Answer 42

cattle tail louse

Question 43

predilection sites of *Haematopinus quadripertusus*

Answer 43

tail and perineum

Question 44

what are *Damalina bovis*

Answer 44

cattle chewing louse capable of parthogenesis

Question 45

physical characteristic of *Damalinia bovis* that helps make them identifiable

Answer 45

dark transverse bands on their abdomen

Question 46

what species of cattle chewing louse are capable of **parthenogeneis** (virgin birth)

Answer 46

*Damalinia bovis*

Question 47

what is *Damalinia ovis*

Answer 47

sheep chewing louse aka sheep body louse

Question 48

louse of sheep that causes "louse worry" since it can reduce the quality and quantity of wool produced

Answer 48

*Damalinia ovis* sheep chewing/body lice

Question 49

what is *Linognathus ovillus*

Answer 49

**sheep face louse** at high densities they will spread to other parts of the body

Question 50

*Linognathus ovillus* are a vector for...

Answer 50

**Mycoplasma ovis**

Question 51

what is *Linognathus pedalis* and where are their predilection sites

Answer 51

**sheep foot louse** predilection for feet, legs, belly (areas absent of wool)

Question 52

what are *Linognathus africanus*

Answer 52

african blue louse (sucking lice of sheep and goats)

Question 53

what is ***Linognathus stenopsis***

Answer 53

goat sucking louse * found over entire body * primarily in short haired goat breeds

Question 54

how are lice of equids transmitted

Answer 54

via direct contact and contaminated grooming equiptment, balnkets and tack

Question 55

*Damalina spp* are _____ of goats what is the important species to know>

Answer 55

chewing/biting lice (mallophaga) ***Damalina caprae = goat biting louse**

Question 56

*Damalinia equi*

Answer 56

*** horse chewing louse** * prefers neck, flanks, tail base * numbers are greatest when winter coat is most dense

Question 57

longer haired equine breeds are more prone to infestation by _______ equi

Answer 57

*Damalinia* horse chewing louse

Question 58

what is *Haematopinus asini*

Answer 58

* **horse suckling louse** * heavy infestations can cause anemia, loss of appetite, weight and vitality

Question 59

predilection sites of *Haematopinus asini*

Answer 59

sites w/ coarse hair: forelock, mane, tail base, fetlock area

Question 60

what is the one species of swine lice

Answer 60

***Haematopinus suis*** = hog louse * found worldwide, anywhere swine are raised * prefer areas of thin skin (neck, jowl, flank, inner legs, inside ears)

Question 61

swine lice, *Haematopinus suis* is a vector of what virus

Answer 61

**swine pox virus**