L6_Pain and inflamation P2 (Arthritis^J Steroids^J DMARDs^J Gout) Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the two main types of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis
What is the primary cause of osteoarthritis?
Wear and tear of weight-bearing joints causing breakdown of cartilage
What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?
Acute pain, fluid in the joint, and crackling sound (crepitus)
What medications are typically used to treat osteoarthritis?
- Paracetamol
- NSAIDs
- Opioids (for severe pain)
What characterizes rheumatoid arthritis?
Autoimmune disease targeting joints and tissues with significant inflammation
What is the first line of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
Anti-inflammatory drugs such as NSAIDs and Cox-2 inhibitors
What are examples of corticosteroids used in arthritis treatment?
- Prednisolone
- Hydrocortisone
- Dexamethasone
What are DMARDs?
Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
Reduce inflammation by inhibiting COX and reducing prostaglandin synthesis
Name two non-selective COX inhibitors used as NSAIDs.
- Naproxen
- Diclofenac
What side effects are associated with corticosteroids?
- Immunosuppression
- Hyperglycemia
- Skin fragility
- Osteoporosis
- Weight gain
What is the mechanism of action of DMARDs?
Interfere with critical pathways in the inflammatory cascade
What are the two phases of gout treatment?
- Acute: Treat pain and inflammation
- Chronic: Prevent disease progression by treating hyperuricemia
What is the primary cause of gout?
Accumulation of uric acid in the blood due to metabolic defects
What are common symptoms of gout?
- Intense joint pain
- Inflammation and redness
- Swelling in affected joints
What is the role of colchicine in gout treatment?
Reduces pain in acute gouty arthritis by suppressing inflammation
What is the mechanism of action of allopurinol?
Inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, reducing production of uric acid
What are potential side effects of allopurinol?
- Skin rash
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Liver toxicity
What is the purpose of probenecid in gout treatment?
Increases the excretion of uric acid in the kidneys
What is the role of potassium citrate in gout management?
Alkalinizes urine to prevent formation of uric acid stones
Fill in the blank: DMARDs may induce _______.
remission
True or False: Colchicine is an analgesic.
False
What is a common treatment duration for acute gout?
1-2 weeks
What dietary factors can contribute to gout?
- High meat and seafood intake
- Alcohol
