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CMB2004 > L7-8 > Flashcards

L7-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of immunological tolerance

A

BCR/TCR repertoire random generation
self-reactive specificity production
prevention of autoreactivity pathology

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2
Q

3 outcomes of random TCR gene arrangement

A
  1. failing to recognize self-MHC
  2. recognizes self-MHC and Ag peptide from thymus
  3. recognizes self-MHC and peptide not present in thymus
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3
Q

what happens to the 3 outcome of random TCR arrangement

A
  1. die by neglect
    2/3 expanded by positive selection
    2 later on dies by negative selection
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4
Q

AIRE

A

Auto-Immune Regulator Protein

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5
Q

Auto-Immune Regulator Protein

A

txn factor
role in tolerance induction
tissue-specific antigen in thymus expression > negative selection

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6
Q

autoreactive B cell outcome

A

negatively selected/ deleted in bone marrow
or re-arrangement of receptor so light chain can remove self-reactivity

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7
Q

B cells in bone marrow

A

immature w no self-reaction will migrate to periphery to be rearranged (receptor editing)

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8
Q

ANERGY

A

unresponsive

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9
Q

production of anergic T cells

A

macrophage bacterial stimulation > co-stimulating signal to T recognizing bacterial antigen
> proliferation/ differentiation of T spec for bacterial protein

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10
Q

immunological ignorance

A

Ag not present at sufficient levels to activate T

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11
Q

priveleged sites

A

Ag hidden from immune via barriers/ suppressive cytokines

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12
Q

types of regulatory T cells

A

natural (arise in thymus)
induced (circulate in peripheral)

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13
Q

regulatory T cells

A

T specific for self-antigen

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14
Q

CD4+ Treg subset

A

suppresses immune response and prevents autoimmune responses

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15
Q

Treg deficiency

A

causes autoimmune syndrome

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16
Q

cytokines produced by Treg and function

A

IL-10 and TGF-beta
inhibit other self-reactive T or cell-cell contact in periphery

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17
Q

regulation B cell secretion

A

IL-10

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18
Q

cell regulation function

A

control quality and length of response
minimize damage

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19
Q

types of effector T

A

CD4+ Th 1/2/17/TregBreg/ Tfh

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20
Q

CD4+ TH1

A

Fas ligand induces apoptosis
releases bacteria destroyed by healthy macrophage

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21
Q

CD4+ th17

A

secrete IL-17
recruit neutrophils early in fungal infections

22
Q

TH1 response cytokines

A

IL-12/ IFN gamma
intracellular pathogens w cell-mediated immunity

23
Q

TH2 response cytokines

A

IL-4
pathogens> humoral immunity

24
Q

TH1 cytokine polarisation

A

^TH1 commitment
inhibits TH2/17

25
TH2 cytokine polarisation
^TH2 commitment inhibits TH1/TH17
26
TH17 cytokine polarisation
^ TH17 commitment inhibits Treg development
27
Treg cytokine polarisation
inhibits TH1/2/17 allow successful pregancy
28
function of polarized responses
ensure correct responses for different pathogen types prevents allergy (excess TH2) controls autoreactivity/ pregnancy rid need of co-stimulation
29
30
what do immunity effector mechanisms depend on
pathogen type localisation infection stage
31
types of host defence mechanisms
innate acquired/ adaptive
32
innate defence mechanism
non-specific rapid barriers (skin/ mucosa/ epithelium/ intestine) complement (C3/ defensin/ RegIII) innate immune cells > macrophages, granulocytes, NK cells
33
acquired/ adaptive immune response
slower antibody action cell-mediated memory
34
CD4+ Th1
against intracel pathogens macrophage activation cyto T stimulation (CD8+)
35
CD4+ Th2
against extracel pathogens produce antibodies IgE class-switching eosinophil/basophil/mast acivation
36
CD4+ Th17
against extracel bacteria/fungi attract inflam cells early response
37
2 types of bacteria
gram + gram -
38
TLR
toll like receptors binding sites on macrophages
39
no. TLR genes in humans
10
40
NOD-like receptors
nucleotide-binding oligomerisation somain intracellular sensors in cytoplasm
41
PAMPs
pathogen associated molecular patterns binds to TLR
42
PAMP effects
inflam promotion/ dendritic cell maturation T differentiation influences B activation
43
which TLRs bind nucleic acids
3,7,8 and 9
44
antibody opsonization
via Fc/ C3b receptor binding on phagocytes
45
complement activation
C3a/C5a inflam promotion g- lysis bind and neutralize toxins prevent mucosal adherence
46
terminal complement defect outcome
neisseria spp
47
Th1 response
cytokines activate macrophages ^ efficiency of APC stimulate inflammation
48
2 types of mycobacterium leprae
TB Lepromatous
49
TB leprosy
strong th1 response slow progression granuloma formation
50
lepromatous leprosy
strong Th2 response/ antibody response bacteria in macrophages disseminated fatal
51
granuloma
when Th1 cells accumulate and secrete cytokines/ chemokines
52

CMB2004 (4 decks)

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