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Physiology II > L7: Control of ECF Part II > Flashcards

L7: Control of ECF Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What terms refer to the osmolarity of the ECF?

A

Isosmotic
Hyperosmotic
Hyposmotic

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2
Q

Dehydration is an example of a (iso/hyper/hypo) volume (expansion/contraction)

A

Hyperosmotic volume contraction

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3
Q

Diabetes insipidus is an example of a (iso/hyper/hypo) volume (expansion/contraction)

A

Hyperosmotic volume contraction

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4
Q

Why does diabetes insipidus occur (be general)?

A

ADH very low or ineffective

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5
Q

What happens in the neurogenic cause of DI?

A

Plasma ADH is LOW due to hypothalamic-pituitary injury

Pt cannot secrete enough ADH

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6
Q

What happens in the nephrogenic cause of DI?

A

Renal in origin; kidney unable to respond to ADH

Plasma ADH is HIGH since pituitary is functioning normally

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7
Q

Which cause of DI would respond to desmopressin?

A

Neurogenic cause

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8
Q

Na load is an example of a (iso/hyper/hypo) volume (expansion/contraction)

A

Hyperosmotic volume expansion

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9
Q

Acute water load is an example of a (iso/hyper/hypo) volume (expansion/contraction)

A

Hyposmotic volume expansion

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10
Q

SIADH is an example of a (iso/hyper/hypo) volume (expansion/contraction)

A

Hyposmotic volume expansion

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11
Q

What is SIADH? What are its physiological effects?

A

Inappropriate ADH secretion (too much)

  • Hyponatremia (too much H20)
  • ECF volume may transiently expand, but euvolemia common
  • Excess renal Na loss (decreased aldosterone, increased ANP)
  • Dilution of ECF but no hypertension
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12
Q

What is the major cation of the ECF?

A

Na = determines volume of ECF compartment

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13
Q

Is loss of Na usually iso, hypo, or hypertonic?

A

Isotonic (diarrhea, vomiting)

*Usually changes in Na are due to changes in body water rather than changes in Na content

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14
Q

Name 3 common causes of hyponatremia

A

Blood volume depletion (High ADh, thirst)
Excessive water conservation (SIADH)
Excessive water intake (water intoxication, exercise associated hyponatremia)

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15
Q

Name 2 common causes of hypernatremia

A

Loss of water (dehydration, DI)
Gain of sodium

*Usually these are fixed by drinking water!

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16
Q

What creates urge to urinate? How much pee can we hold and when do we feel the urge to urinate?

A

Trigone gets stretched
Max bladder volume = 500-800 mL
Urge to void @ 150 mL

17
Q

Is the SNS or PNS responsible for the filling phase of the bladder?

A

SNS

Relaxes detrusor, contracts internal sphincter

18
Q

Is the SNS or PNS responsible for the voiding phase of the bladder (micturition)?

A

PNS

Detrust contracts, relaxation of internal sphincter

Physiology II (10 decks)

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