L7: Mood & Personality Disorders Flashcards
(16 cards)
8
List the DSM-V criteria for major depressive disorder
- Depressed mood most of the day nearly every day for at least 2 weeks
- Anhedonia → loss of enjoyment
- Changes in weight / appetite
- Lack of concentration
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Suicidal ideation
- Worthlessness / guilt
- Fatigue / loss of energy
Explain the diathesis-stress model
- Diathesis-stress model: theory that mental disorders result from the combination of a diathesis (biological vulnerability) and environmental stresses
- Expression of diathesis (genetic vulnerability) requires environmental stessors that interact with the diathesis to produce the disorder
List risk factors for suicide in adolescence
- Family disruptions
- Genetic vulnerabilities
- Substance abuse problems
List protective factors for the development of depression in adolescence
- High IQ
- At least one caring adult
- Positive school climate
- Religious beliefs / practises
Discuss considerations in the differential diagnosis of depression
PDD
* Less severe symptoms but they last longer
* During 1 year period, have not been without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time
BP
* I = Mania + (Depression)
* II = Hypomania + Depression, no psychotic symptoms or need for hospitalization
BPD
* Unstable interpersonal relationships
DSM-V
Define BPD (DSM-V)
A. Instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, affects and marked impulsivity. Begins early adult, indicated by 5om:
- Effort to avoid real/imagined abandonment
- Pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships. Alternating betw. extremes of idealization/devaluation
- Identity disturbance, unstable
- Impulsivity in at least two areas that are self damaging
- Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, threats
- Affective instability due to reactivity of mood
- Chronic feelings of emptiness
- Inappropriate, intense anger, lack of control over anger
- Transient, stress related paranoid ideation/severe dissociative symp.
Define BPD (AMPD)
All personality disorders are characterized by disturbances in the following two areas:
1) Self Functioning
* Unstable identity
* Variable self-worth
* Inaccurate self-image
* Problems with self direction (goals)
2) Interpersonal Functioning
* Develop/maintain mutually satisfying relationships
* Impaired perspective taking
* Inability to manage conflict
11
List proximal risk factors for MDD
Comorbidity
* Other disorders
* Physical illness
* Substance use
Stressful Events
* Financial stress
* School stress
* COVID
Self-Functioning
* Low self worth
* Identity disturbanced
Social
* Loss
* Conflict
* Low social support/bullying
9
List distal risk factors for MDD
Predisposition
* Genetics
* Alterations in brain-stress symptoms
* Temperament
Personality
* Traits (neuroticism)
* Maladaptive coping strategies
* Early maladaptive schemas
Social System
* Insecure attachment
* Parents w/ disorder
Trauma
* Maltreatment (abuse, neglect)
7
List proximal risk factors for BPD
Comorbidity
* Other disorders (MDD, An, ED, ADHD, PTSD)
* Substance use
Self-Functioning
* Low self worth
* Identity disturbanced
Social
* Loss
* Conflict
* Low social support/bullying
List distal risk factors for BPD
Predisposition
* Genetics
* Alterations in brain-stress symptoms
* Temperament (negative affect, low distress tolerance)
Personality
* Traits (neuroticism, impulsivity)
* Maladaptive coping strategies
* Early maladaptive schemas
Social System
* Insecure attachment
* Parents w/ disorder
Trauma
* Maltreatment (abuse, neglect)
Describe the BPD risk factor of low distress tolerance
- Stressful situations activate EMS
- Because of low distress tolerance, EMS results in emotion dysregulation
- Result: self-harm, interpersonal conflict, impulsivity
- Result: identity disturbanced and feelings of inner emptiness
How is MDD a risk factor for BPD?
- Childhood/adolescent MDD is a stepping stone for BPD (predictive)
- Usually internalizing disorders in adolescence precede BPD features
- Have underlying vulnerabilities
- MDD can disrupt key developmental processes in adolescence
What maintaining factors are usually targeted in therapies for MDD & BPD?
- Early Maladaptive Schemas
- Maladaptive Coping Strategies
Explain attribution theory
- Attributional style: the ways in which we explain the causes of specific life events
- People with BPD/MDD have a negative attributional style, characterized by internal, global, and stable attributions when explaining negative events, and attributions that are external, specific, and unstable when explaining positive events
- Internal = attributing the cause of an event to something about the person (blame self)
- Global= Attributing cause to something that affects many areas of life and not just one specific situation
- Stable = attributing cause to something that does not change over time
“I didn’t get the job because the company didn’t like me” (internal) vs “I didn’t get the job because the company wasn’t looking for someone with my experience” (external).
“I didn’t do well on this one quiz” (specific) vs “I am just not good at this subject” (global).
“I failed the test because I didn’t study well enough” (unstable) vs “I am just not smart enough” (stable)
Explain Beck’s Cognitive Triad
- Stressful events cause the activiation of (early) maladaptive schemas, which includes automatic, spontaneous, and uncontrollable negative cognitiions/schemas about the self, the world, and the future
