L8 Viral Exanthems Flashcards
(49 cards)
Etiology of Measles/Rubeola
Paramyxovirus
Symptoms of Measles/Rubeola
3Cs (cough, coryza-rhinitis, conjunctivitis), Koplik spots (enanthem in mouth), fever (105+), maculopapular Blanchable rash that spreads from head to toe and spares palms and soles
Koplik spots
Cluster of tiny bluish-white papules on buccal mucosa, “grains of salt on a red background”
Complications of Measles/Rubeola
Common is diarrhea or otitis media, more severe is pneumonia, encephalitis or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
7-10 years after Measles, fatal degenerative disease of CNS, behavioral and intellectual deterioration, seizures
Treatment of Measles/Rubeola
Symptomatic treatment only, sometimes vitamin A or ribavirin
Etiology of erythema infectiosum(fifth disease)
Parvovirus B-19
Symptoms of erythema infectiosum
Facial rash (erythematous malar rash) called “slapped cheek” which is then followed by lacy, pink macular rash over body (trunk and extensor surfaces) 2-3 days later, starts with non-specfic flu-like sxs
Complications of erythema infectiosum
Rare but transient aplastic crisis, in pregnancy can be hydrops fetalis and/or fetal loss
Etiology of Rubella
Rubella virus
Transmission of Rubella
Inhaled large particle aerosols
Symptoms of Rubella
“3 day Measles” with a erythematous papules and purpura, head to toe progression, pinpoint/pink maculopapules, may have arthritis
Complications of Rubella
Encephalopathy, birth defects in pregnant women that lead to congenital rubella syndrome (blueberry muffin rash, hearing loss, mental retardation, CV and ocular defects)
Etiology of roseola infantum
Most commonly herpes virus 6 (HHV 6)
Symptoms of roseola infantum
High fever for 3-5 days and abruptly ends the an abrupt blanching pink/erythematous maculopapular rash (starts at neck and trunk and spreads to face then extremities)
Etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease
Coxsackie A16 virus
Transmission of hand foot mouth disease
Oral ingestion of virus (fecal oral or oral/respiratory secretions)
Symptoms of hand foot and mouth
Oral exanthem and enanthem on hand, feet and buttocks, vesicles may ulcerate
Etiology of molluscum contagiosum
Poxvirus
Symptoms of molluscum contagiosum
Flesh colored, pearly, papules with umbilication, located anywhere except palms and soles
Etiology of condylomata acuminatum or verruca vulgaris (warts)
HPV
Presentation of condylomata acuminatum
Classic cauliflower like lesions, perinatal growth, mild pruritis
Etiology of varicella
Varicella-zoster virus, a herpes virus
Symptoms of varicella
Generalized vesicular rash that is pruritic, with fever, malaise, pharyngitis or anorexia
