L9-10 Situational Crime Prevention

Question 1

Crime Prevention key definition (Zhong 2008)

Answer 1

Total of all polices, measures & techniques outside crime justice system to reduce various kinds of damages from criminal

Question 2

Crime Prevention Targets (6)

Answer 2

• crime
• behaviour from disorder
  -reduce harm or suffering aka fear of crime
  -increase community & informal social control
• reduce individual risk factors and increase protective factors

Question 3

What is defensible space?

Answer 3

An environment where there is sense of ownership & resp. aka sociophysical
(crime rates high in high density housiing)

Question 4

+ve of Defensible space & evidences?

Answer 4

• smaller community
• sense of ownership
• survelliance
• sense of safety
  -closesness than isolation
  Emricical data:
• territoriality (defense of the area)
• crime reduce & fear of crime
  !!!!!! this space however is less successful in commercial or mixed envuronment

Question 4

What is Broken Window Theory?

Answer 4

Visble sign of crime encourages further crime

Question 5

adopted policy for broken window theory approach
- key criticism

Answer 5

-zero tolerance policy to minor crimes
(declined petty & major crimes BUT even crime rate reduced in not adopted policy, potential sceptism in link or major & minor crime)

Question 5

What is siutaional crime?

Answer 5

Opportunities for doing crime based from rational choice & envionmental approach
(Crime comes from rational choice, environment can be manupulated to reduce crime)

Question 6

List examples for each 5 Main Siutaional crime prevention

Answer 6

1. target hardening, control access, control tools or weapons
2. increase natural surveillance & artifical ones, maximised visibility, guardians & flow of public area
3. remove valuable items in public spaces, unsuable if stolen
4. reudce stress, controlled queen, curfews for teens
5. designated smoking place, bins, road signs, control alcholo consumption

Question 6

5 Main Siutaional crime prevention

Answer 6

-increase effort needed to commit crime &
- risks of commited crime
-reduce rewards in commiting crime &
- elements that provoke crime &
- excuses for commiting crime

Question 7

What is siutaional crime prevention and its benefits? (criticism)

Answer 7

prevent crime by increasing costs and reduce rewards
- cost effecive
-makes ppl resp for duties perfomred by gov. (criticism)
- specific interventions on each crime problem
- diffusion of benefits (crime prevention in one place & benefits another lpcation ie speech camera s & drinking driving)

Question 7

What are the criticisms of Siutaional Crimes?

Answer 7

• Displacement (traditioanl criminology theories assume ppl are determined to commit crime which goes against situalianl crime where ppl wont do cause too difficult)
• only affects time and place which ppl will shift to other time or place
  BUt displacement seems to be fairly weak (hesseling study)

Question 7

What are types of Environmental Design for Crime Prevention? (CPTED) and its critism

Answer 7

• terriotiality (criticims: difficlut to achieve & measure)
• surveilance (natural, formal & mechincal) (criticism: it has contraditipnary findings aka little effect on violent crime & whther lighting instils fear of crime)
• Access Control (denying access to certain places or things, passworded buildings, street closer)
• activity support (using public spaces but more ppl can have mor witness yet higeher chance of criminals in public space)
• image (drawn from broken window theory)
• target hardening (increase efforts to do crime, overlaps with access control)